1. Strategic Growth Programme (SGP) Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region & Europe (CEDARE)

2. Transportation in Bahrain >501,000 Vehicles today >99% Gasoline 7.3% annual increase in vehicles Consumes 22% of tot. energy Fuel consumption & emissions expected to double in Bahrain between 2010 and 2030

3. Growth in population, GDP & Vehicles in Bahrain (2000 – 2010)

4. (CEDARE 2011, World Databank Data)

5. Gasoline consumption trends Annual growth of 5.7%

6. Study methodology GFEI methodology (tool) LDVs include mini, small, compact, family and big cars in addition to light vans and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) Main source of data: General Directorate of Traffic – Ministry of Interior

7. Data set: Year of manufacture First registration date Vehicle make code and name Vehicle model code and name Engine capacity (cc) Weight (kg) Fuel type Vehicle type code and name Plate type code and name Number of axles Number of cylinders

8. Sample data set

9. Results: Fuel economy recent improvement

10. Average fuel economy (L/100km) and CO 2 emissions (g/km) for new LDVs in Bahrain Year 2005200820102012 Bahrain10.510.610.79.6 USA*7.87.576.6

11. CO2 emissions from new models of passenger vehicles in the EU and Bahrain (gCO 2 /km) *Source: EEA, 2013

12. Average weight and engine size Item2005200820102012 Average curb weight (kg)1685175317311718 Average engine size (cc)3191341730612955

13. Key findings Overall improvement in fuel economy of new LDVs since 2005 (1 L/100 km eventual improvement by 2012) …but trends toward buying heavier cars probably offset much more potential for improvement. Average emissions are still nearly double the EU. No restrictions exist yet for fuel economy or CO 2 emissions. Environmental labeling, emission reduction targets and action plans yet to be developed

14. Thank you scp@cedare.int