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January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 1 www.acreo.se MPLS & GMPLS 60 minutes Stockholm 2007-01-25 Loa Andersson, Acreo AB.

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Presentation on theme: "January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 1 www.acreo.se MPLS & GMPLS 60 minutes Stockholm 2007-01-25 Loa Andersson, Acreo AB."— Presentation transcript:

1 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 1 www.acreo.se MPLS & GMPLS 60 minutes Stockholm 2007-01-25 Loa Andersson, Acreo AB

2 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 2 www.acreo.se “Geography” Media OSI Overview Physical Link Network Transport Session Presentation Application Layer 1 Signal definition Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 6 Layer 7 Framing Addressing Delivery Keep contact Understanding Organization Layer 0 Layer -1 “The wire” “The Duct”

3 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 3 www.acreo.se “Geography” Media Internet Model Overview Physical Link Internet Transport Application Signal definition Layer 2 Layer 3 Framing Addressing Delivery Keep contact Understanding Organization “The wire” “The Duct”

4 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 4 www.acreo.se Concepts (equipment) Switch –L1, L2 and L3 Router –L3 only (but …) Host –User equipment (PC ) Server –Server provider equipment

5 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 5 www.acreo.se Layer Technology Transfer Unit Wavelengths –Single, WDM, DWDM and CWDW Bytes –SDH Frames –Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM Cells –ATM Packets / Datagram –Internet Protocol (IP)

6 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 6 www.acreo.se Switching contexts - I Wavelengths Bytes

7 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 7 www.acreo.se Switching contexts – I I Cell, Frames, Packets

8 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 8 www.acreo.se IP Addresses 32 bits (2 32 = 4.2 10 9 ) Structure –Class id, NetId, HostId Five classes –A- C, Multicast (D), FFU (E) Private (10.x.x.x, 172.16-31.x.x, 192.168.x.x) 0.0.0.0

9 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 9 www.acreo.se IP addresses Net-idHost-id0 Class A 1724 Net-idHost-id1 Class B 21416 0 Net-idHost-id1 Class C 3218 1 0 Multicast address1 Class D 428 110 Reserved1 Class E 527 1110

10 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 10 www.acreo.se Dotted.Decimal.Notation 10000000 00001010 00000010 00011110 128.10.2.30

11 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 11 www.acreo.se IP header Service Type Fragment Offset VERSHLENTotal Length IdentificationFlags TTLProtocolHeader Checksum Source IP Address Destination IP Address OptionsPadding D a t a... 1531 07

12 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 12 www.acreo.se Forwarding Table 1 2 3 4 194.13.12/24 - 1 = 4 194.13.13/24 - 2 = 4 194.13.15/24 - 2 = 4 194.13.14/24 - 2 = 4 194.14.12/24 - 1 = 3 194.14.12/24 - 1 = 2 194.14.11/24 - 1 = 2 194.14.13/24 - 1 = 2 194.12.12/24 - 1 = 1 194.12.13/24 - 1 = 1 Address - h - i

13 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 13 www.acreo.se Best prefix match 141\8 …\8 141.123\16 …\16 141.123.92\24 141.123.90\24 …\24 141.123.92.23 s

14 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 14 www.acreo.se Forwarding Routing Table (FIB) to reachdeliver tohops 20.0.0.0 30.0.0.0 10.0.0.0 40.0.0.0 directly 20.0.0.5 30.0.0.7 00110011 QRS 10.0.0.020.0.0.030.0.0.040.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 40.0.0.730.0.0.620.0.0.5 20.0.0.630.0.0.7

15 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 15 www.acreo.se Forwarding in a routed network PCETHR R

16 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 16 www.acreo.se What the routing protocol see PCRR

17 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 17 www.acreo.se Routing information flooding 194.13.13/24 194.12.12/24 194.13.15/24 194.13.14/24 194.12.13/24 194.13.12/24 194.14.14/24 194.14.12/24 194.14.11/24 194.14.13/24 1 2 3 4

18 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 18 www.acreo.se Distance vector – limited knowledge 1 2 3 4 194.13.12/24 - 1 = 4 194.13.13/24 - 2 = 4 194.13.15/24 - 2 = 4 194.13.14/24 - 2 = 4 194.14.14/24 - 1 = 3 194.14.12/24 - 1 = 2 194.14.11/24 - 1 = 2 194.14.13/24 - 1 = 2 194.12.12/24 - 1 = 1 194.12.13/24 - 1 = 1 Address - h - i

19 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 19 www.acreo.se Routing – Link state More complicated and more powerful Concepts –Link state advertisement (LSA) –Routing database (RDB) –Forwarding table (FT) –Hello (Keep-alive)

20 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 20 www.acreo.se Routing - LSA LSA –Sent be each router at certain intervals –Contains Who am I (router-id) My interfaces Connected to whom Costs (Potentially TE information)

21 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 21 www.acreo.se Routing - RDB When an LSA is received –The router checks if it has seen before –If so discard it, –but refresh existing entry in RDB –Otherwise put new entry in routing database –Flood the LSA to all neighbors –If changes recalculate FT

22 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 22 www.acreo.se Routing – Link State 194.13.13/24 194.12.12/24 194.13.15/24 194.13.14/24 194.12.13/24 194.13.12/24 194.14.14/24 194.14.12/24 194.14.11/24 194.14.13/24 1 2 3 4

23 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 23 www.acreo.se Link state – network wide knowledge 1 2 3 4 194.13.12/24 - 1 = 4 194.13.13/24 - 2 = 4 194.13.15/24 - 2 = 4 194.13.14/24 - 2 = 4 194.14.14/24 - 1 = 3 194.14.12/24 - 1 = 2 194.14.11/24 - 1 = 2 194.14.13/24 - 1 = 2 194.12.12/24 - 1 = 1 194.12.13/24 - 1 = 1 Address - h - i But FT looks the same!

24 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 24 www.acreo.se Smallest possible IP subnetwork host How many IP address do we need? i/f 1: NetId (30 bit) + 01 i/f 2: NetId (30 bit) + 10 “network” : NetId (30 bit) + 00 “broadcast” : NetId (30 bit) + 11

25 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 25 www.acreo.se MPLS & GMPLS

26 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 26 www.acreo.se MPLS - one simple paradigm Link local identifier LABEL A packet comes in on one interface and is sent out on a new interface with a new label attached LABEL SWAPPING

27 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 27 www.acreo.se Short IP re-cap Forwarding based on IP-header –Destination address –Source address –TTL –CoS/ToS

28 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 28 www.acreo.se Best prefix match 141\8 …\8 141.123\16 …\16 141.123.92\24 141.123.90\24 …\24 141.123.92.23

29 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 29 www.acreo.se Spanning Infrastructures FRATMETH FE CP = Control Plane FE = Forwarding Engine CP

30 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 30 www.acreo.se Control and Forwarding LSR FE “RP” LDP Control Forwarding

31 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 31 www.acreo.se Traffic Engineering Explicit routes Traffic aggregates QoS constraints

32 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 32 www.acreo.se MPLS and Traffic Engineering A B C 10 Mbit/s 30 Mbit/s H D E E F

33 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 33 www.acreo.se Why Traffic Engineering Control, predictable, extendable How to place traffic, explicit routes Avoiding Congestion and Overload Alternate paths Protection and restoration => Network optimization

34 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 34 www.acreo.se Concepts Label LSR LER LSP FEC PHP

35 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 35 www.acreo.se Label 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Label | Entry Label: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Label Value, 20 bits | Label | Exp: Experimental Use +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 3 bits | Label | Exp |S| S: Bottom of Stack +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 1 bit | TTL | TTL: Time to Live +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 8 bits

36 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 36 www.acreo.se Label Switching Router (LSR) IP / label / L2 LL

37 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 37 www.acreo.se Label Edge Router (LER) IP / L2IP / label / L2 LER = Label Edge Router (egress LSR) L

38 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 38 www.acreo.se Label Switched Path mp-2-p

39 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 39 www.acreo.se Forwarding Equivalence Class mp-2-p

40 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 40 www.acreo.se Pen-ultimate Hop Popping LER L1 L3 L2 !L

41 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 41 www.acreo.se Best prefix match vs label look up 141\8 …\8 141.123\16 …\16 141.123.92\24 141.123.90\24 …\24 141.123.92.23 12345671234567 5 19 24 7 46 8 7 34 8 dd1d143dd1d143 IL OL I

42 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 42 www.acreo.se MPLS tunnels 141\8 …\8 141.123\16 …\16 141.123.92\24 141.123.90\24 …\24 1234567812345678 43 22 37 46 4 63 71 pop 141.123.92.2358 5 4

43 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 43 www.acreo.se How it works! LSR 123154451164

44 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 44 www.acreo.se Per Platform Lables (PPL) Per Interface Lables (PIL) LSR PPL 1414 LSR PIL 1415

45 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 45 www.acreo.se The MPLS Tunnel vc tttt t = tunnel label, vc = vc-label

46 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 46 www.acreo.se The MPLS Tunnel vc tttt traffic

47 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 47 www.acreo.se Operations on the Label Stack LSRLSR 16 push 16 pop 16 swap 17 16 swap/push 1718 push/push 1718 1718 pop/pop 171817 pop 1718 - /swap 1719

48 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 48 www.acreo.se Bottom of Stack Bit 78 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |1 0 0 0|0 0 0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0 1 1 1|0 0 0|1| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

49 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 49 www.acreo.se Label Information Base (LIB) 141\8 …\8 141.123\16 …\16 141.123.92\24 141.123.90\24 …\24 1234567812345678 43 22 37 46 4 63 71 pop 141.123.92.2358 5 4

50 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 50 www.acreo.se MPLS is IP MPLS control plane is IP Defined for IP routing protocols only TOS/COS => DIffServ => EXP Minimal changes to IP control plane Enabling rather than changing

51 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 51 www.acreo.se The addition SW to allocate and handle labels Handle FIB => LIB Protocol to distribute labels MIB modules

52 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 52 www.acreo.se LDP concepts Downstream –Unsolicited –On Demand Control –Ordered –Independent Label retention –Liberal –Conservative

53 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 53 www.acreo.se LDP concepts TLV (Type, Length, Value) Reliable transport LDP peer Targetted LDP

54 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 54 www.acreo.se LDP - DoD Traffic flow LSR Label mapping Label request Control Plane

55 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 55 www.acreo.se Building an LSP Traffic flow LSR Req LSR LER Req dest Example I

56 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 56 www.acreo.se dest Building an LSP Traffic flow LER 27 33 62 3 dest 62->pop dest 33->62 dest 27->33 dest push->27 LSR Example I

57 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 57 www.acreo.se MPLS Tunnels Tunnel –A nested LSP, LSP within an LSP –Data plane is tunnel agnostic Example II

58 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 58 www.acreo.se The MPLS Tunnel vc tttt traffic Example II Ledgend vc = vc label, t = tunnel label

59 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 59 www.acreo.se dest The MPLS Tunnel Traffic flow Example II Targetted LDP dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest 33->62 dest 27->33 dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27

60 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 60 www.acreo.se The MPLS Tunnel Traffic flow Example II LER LSR dest 47->Pop dest 62->pop dest 33->62 dest 27->33 dest push->27 dest push->47 Push->27

61 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 61 www.acreo.se Remember? PCETHR R

62 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 62 www.acreo.se What if? PCETHLSROXC LSR

63 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 63 www.acreo.se Generalized MPLS Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 req map dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33->

64 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 64 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> payloaddest 4727

65 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 65 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> 27 payloaddest 47 33

66 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 66 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> 27 payloaddest 4733

67 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 67 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> payloaddest4733 62

68 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 68 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> payloaddest4762

69 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 69 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> payloaddest47

70 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 70 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> payloaddest47

71 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 71 www.acreo.se Traversing a tunnel Traffic flow Example II dest 47->Pop LER dest 62->pop dest push->27 LSR dest push->47 Push->27 dest 27->33 dest 33->62 dest 33->62  pop dest 27->33 33-> payloaddest

72 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 72 www.acreo.se GMPLS and MPLS - differences Forwarding plane –Changed by MPLS –Untouched by GMPLS – IP for MPLS –Any for GMPLS Data plane –MPLS uses a 24 bit label –GMPLS uses whatever is available

73 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 73 www.acreo.se GMPLS and MPLS – differences II Signaling protocols –MPLS – LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP –GMPLS – RSVP-TE Routing Protocol –MPLS - OSPF-TE, OSPF, BGP –GMPLS – OSPF-TE, (BGP)

74 January 2007 MPLS & GMPLS # 74 www.acreo.se End of presentation Questions?

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