1. ROMAN AQUEDUCTS AND THE ROMAN BATHS

2. Water had to be constantly supplied. In Rome this was done using 640 kilometers of aqueducts

3. The aqueducts  To get fresh water to the cities from the hills the Romans built aqueducts  These were a system of channels and bridges to transport the water to the public baths, water fountains and to the houses of the patricians  Lead piping was used to pipe the water around the cities (this caused lead poisoning!!)  WHY DIDN’T THEY USE THE WATER FROM THE RIVERS THAT FLOWED THROUGH THE CITIES?

4. Aqueducts Bridging a deep valleyInside an aqueduct

5. Lead piping

6. Labelled Diagram of a Roman Aqueduct

7. Sanitation – toilets  Only the patricians had toilets in their houses  Plebeians either did their business in pots and threw them onto the street or they used the public latrines  Under ground tunnels and drains were dug under the city in order to carry the waste away and into the local rivers

8. Public baths  Nearly all Roman cities had at least one public bath  Both plebeians and patricians could use these  Women and men went at different times  There was a fee to use them but it wasn’t too expensive  Public baths were a place  To clean  Meet friends  Exercise  Do business  Eat  Play games  Read  Rest

9. Typical public bath houses  There were cold, warm and hot baths  Cold room: cold plunge bath frigidarium  Warm room: no bath tepdiarium  Hot room: hot plunge pool caldarium  Water was heated by a boiler over a fire. This was located in the cellars under the bath houses  A Hypocaust system, under floor heating, was used to heat the bath houses. Hot air would pass underneath the floors  People could do weight lifting  Public slaves could give you a massage  People used oils instead of soaps  Sticks called strigils were used to scrape dirt off the body

10. 10 Working Up A Sweat…  The Romans would work up a sweat in an exercise yard for wrestling and training.  The Romans did not have soap, so they would cover their bodies in oil.  The oil was then scraped off with a ‘strigil’. A scraper made of wood or bone

15. Hypocaust: under floor heating system

16. Typical routine at the baths  A visitor, after paying his entrance fee, would strip naked and hand his clothes to an attendant. He could then do some exercising to work up a sweat before moving into the tepidarium which would prepare him for the caldarium which was more or less like a modern sauna. The idea, as with a sauna, was for the sweat to get rid of the body's dirt. After this a slave would rub olive oil into the visitor's skin and then scrap it off with a strigil. The more luxurious establishments would have professional masseurs to do this. After this, the visitor would return to the tepidarium and then to frigidarium to cool down. Finally, he could use the main pool for a swim or to generally socialise.

17. http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/cl ips/zkbg9j6

18. Bath house of Caracalla (Rome)

19. 19 The Roman Baths  The Romans went to the baths each day in the early afternoon.  They went to wash themselves and to meet friends and conduct business.  There were three different types of bathing room: (i) the Caldarium { ___________ } (ii) the Tepidarium { ___________ } (iii) the Frigidarium { ___________ }

20. Group work  In groups can you think what are the commonalities between public baths and modern day leisure centres.