1. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Elements & Atoms

2. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net An atom refresher Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made of atoms Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses.

3. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net An atom refresher An atom has three parts: Proton = positive Neutron = no charge Electron = negative The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called the nucleus. The electrons orbit the nucleus. Picture from http://education.jlab.org/qa/atom_model_03.gif

4. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net What are molecules? Elements are the alphabet to the language of molecules. Molecules are electrically neutral groups of two or more atoms bonded chemically. Elements are made of atoms. While the atoms may have different weights and organization, they are all built in the same way.

5. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Graphic from http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/fact2.html

6. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net More about Elements.. Elements are the building blocks of all matter. The periodic table is a list of all of the elements that can build matter. It’s a little like the alphabet of chemistry. The periodic table tells us several things…

7. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Periodic Table 8 O Oxygen 16 Atomic Number: Number of protons and it is also the number of electrons in an atom of an element. Element’s Symbol: An abbreviation for the element. Elements Name Atomic Mass/Weight: Number of protons + neutrons.

8. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Electrons have special rules…. You can’t just shove all of the electrons into the first orbit of an electron. shells or energy levels- where electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Only a certain amount of electrons can be in one shell.

9. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Nucleus 1 st shell 2 nd shell 3 rd shell The electrons in the outer most shell of any element are called valance electrons.

10. All of the Elements are arranged in a table called the... Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net

11. Each section is special… The first two groupings are the metals and nonmetals They are then broke down into even smaller groupings based on their properties. (seen below) Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net

12. Metals Very reactive metals Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals Very brittle Not able to conduct electricity or heat very well At room temperature they exist in 2 states of matter gases and solids.

13. Lets look at an individual element… 3 Li Lithium 7 + + + Protons = 3 Atomic mass = 7 So, (7-3=4) 4= number of neutrons. - - - Electrons = 3 2 in the 1 st shell, 1 in the 2 nd shell