1. Road Cutting Stability And the walls came tumbling down. (Def Lepard, 1982) D.Turner March 2002

2. West portal of the Penmaenmawr A55 Road tunnel, N.Wales West portal scree rhyolite

3. Gabion walls

4. Shotcrete ( sprayed concrete ) Pattern bolting

5. rock anchors steeply dipping beds

6. Cross-section

7. Rock anchors dental masonry

8. Wire netting Why use this rather than rock anchors? free face composed of shales and minor sandstones soft, friable shales difficult to support with single anchor point netting anchored to harder, more competent sandstone units

9. Concrete Sea Wall at Robin Hood’s Bay

10. Retaining & rock-fall walls Pattern bolting scree slope Concrete tunnel lining Roadside rock- fall barrier View of west portal

11. Unsupported limestone beds dipping steeply towards the road Vassaliki, Greece