2. Cell Biology

3. Chapter Eight: Cell Processes 8.1 The Cell Membrane 8.2 Cells and Energy

4. Investigation 8A How does water move into and out of a cell? Diffusion and Osmosis

5. 8.1 The Cell Membrane The cell membrane has many functions: –protection –obtaining food –ridding wastes –communication –interaction with other cells A soap bubble is like a cell membrane.

6. 8.1 A closer look at the cell membrane The cell membrane is made of several types of molecules.

8. 8.1 Diffusion Molecules move across the cell membrane by a process called diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration.

9. 8.1 Diffusion Molecules move into or out of the cell until there is an equal number on both sides of the cell membrane.

10. 8.1 Diffusion Water molecules are small enough to pass through the cell membrane by diffusion. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

12. 8.1 Other types of transport Larger molecules like sugars, starches, and proteins sometimes diffuse through protein channels.

13. 8.1 Active transport Active transport is a process that allows molecules to move across the cell membrane from lower to higher concentrations. To do this requires energy.

14. 8.1 Other types of transport A cell can take in large particles of food by “engulfing” them.

15. 8.1 Why are cells so small? To understand why the volume of a cell increases faster than its surface area, let’s imagine a perfectly square cell.

16. 8.1 Why are cells so small? Which cell type has a higher volume to surface area ratio?