1. A Process to Use Food A Process to Use Food  Cellular Respiration is a gas exchange process by which plants release carbon dioxide and let oxygen into their cells. Water enters and leaves the cells in the leaves through the guard cells. When they absorb water they swell, opening the stoma (which lets in carbon dioxide and lets out water vapor). The word equation for cellular respiration is: Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

2. 1.3 Reproduction of Seed Plants   A life cycle is the stages that a living thing goes through from one generation to the next. Plants reproduce in their lifecycle in two very different ways. Sexual reproduction involves the production of seeds and fruits from specialized cells of two plants.

3. The Seed Stage   Seed Parts include the living plant (embryo), the food supply (cotyledon), and the seed coat.   The length of time a seed is able to stay alive varies according to the conditions it experiences. The longest-lasting seed was frozen for over 10,000 years before it sprouted and even flowered.

4. The Seedling Stage   Very fast growth, producing their own food by photosynthesis

5. The Adult Stage  Plants are adults when they produce reproductive structures  Example: flower, cone

6. Reproduction of Seed Plants  Pollination – process where male and female parts of a plant join to produce a seed  Pollen – male part of the flower (small, sticky cells)  Ovary – female part of the flower which contains the ovule (part that grows into a seed)  Pollinators – organisms that carry pollen from one flower to the next (ex: birds, insects, bats etc)

7. Reproduction without seeds  Vegetative reproduction – reproduction of plants that does not involve seeds. Some plants reproduce from stems.  Runners – long stems that grow along the surface of the soil  Rhizomes – new stems that run underground  Suckers – new plants that form on roots

8.  Check and Reflect – page 115 Do all questions (1-5)

9. Check and Reflect page 115  1. Draw a diagram of the life cycle of seed plants. Label each stage. Seed stage – Contains the embryo, which uses food to survive until it starts to photosynthesize Seedling stage – Plants grow fast and produce new leaves, roots, and stems Adult stage – produces reproductive structures (flower or cone in seed plants)

10.  2. What is a pollinator? What attracts pollinators to flowers? A pollinator is an organism that carries pollen from one flower to the next. (Ex: insects, bees, birds, bats) Pollinators are attracted to flowers because inside the flower, nectar, a sugary liquid, is found.

11.  3. Describe two ways that a seed plant can reproduce without seeds. A seed plant reproduces without seeds by producing runners, which are long stems that grow along surface of soil. Another way is by producing rhizomes, which are stems that run underground. A third way is by reproducing from their roots and new plants that form on these roots are called suckers.

12.  4. Describe how a nursery might produce petunias to sell as bedding plants. A nursery would use the method of grafting. This occurs when one part of plant is attached onto another plant. The two sections eventually grow together.

13.  5. What did you learn about conifer trees in this section that you didn’t know before? Answers will vary. They have male and female parts to reproduce.