1. A concise introduction to 06.2009 Jay Xu Cloud Computing?

2. I.Introduction II.Why Cloud Computing? III.Components IV.Advantages & Issues V.Trends VI.Players VII.Q&A 2 Confidential Agenda

4. 4 Confidential Voices! “The rise of the cloud is more than just another platform shift that gets geeks excited. It will undoubtedly transform the IT industry, but it will also profoundly change the way people work and companies operate.” — The Economist, “Let it Rise,” 10/3/08 “The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do. […] The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion. —Larry Ellison, Oracle “It's stupidity. It's worse than stupidity: it's a marketing hype campaign.” — Richard Stallman, GNU Voices! “The rise of the cloud is more than just another platform shift that gets geeks excited. It will undoubtedly transform the IT industry, but it will also profoundly change the way people work and companies operate.” — The Economist, “Let it Rise,” 10/3/08 “The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do. […] The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion. —Larry Ellison, Oracle “It's stupidity. It's worse than stupidity: it's a marketing hype campaign.” — Richard Stallman, GNU Cloud computing  is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure in the “cloud” that supports them.(from Wikipedia)  is “a style of computing where massively scalable IT related capabilities are provided 'as a service' using Internet technologies to multiple external customers.” (By Gartner) The concept generally incorporates combinations of follows:  Software as a Service (SaaS)  Platform as a Service (Paas)  Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas) public/external cloud; private/internal cloud; hybrid cloud Introduction - concept

5. 5 Confidential Introduction – comparison Grid Computing 1. Solving large problems with parallel computing 2. Made mainstream by Globus Alliance Utility Computing 1. Offering computing resources as a metered service 2. Introduced in late 1990s Software as a Service 1.Network-based subscriptions to applications 2. Gained momentum in 2001 Cloud Computing 1. Next-Generation Internet computing 2. Next-Generation Data Centers 1980 2000 2008 1990 Grid computing (or the use of computational grids) is the application of several computers to a single problem at the same time — usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data. Utility computing is the packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility (such as electricity, water, natural gas, or telephone network). This system has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire hardware; instead, computational resources are essentially rented.

6. Introduction – in-depth Application SaaS Platform PaaS Infra. IaaS Elements - HW/SW/Network/Storage Settings, Installations, and Configurations. Resources - Reservations from a pool of excess capacity in storage, computing, and network A Web of Metadata - (What uses or contains what other things?) Lifecycle - (when and how can things change?) Governance - (Who has authority / responsibility to change, and how?) Architecture Views - (How are my concerns addressed?)

7. Why cloud computing?  The classical problem  Under-utilized server resources waste computing power (and energy)  Over-utilized servers cause interruption or degradation of service levels  The promise:  Server resources are delivered on- demand as usage-metered compute utilities  Cloud-user does not need to forecast demand  Turn fixed costs into variable costs  The emerging problems  Highly dynamic scalability demands  Time to market  Leveraging the modern Web  Evolution of Desktop apps to Software-as-a-Service  Programmable Web  The promise:  Reduced provision lead times  Scalability  Sophisticated infrastructure is available as Services  The promise:  A stable, reliable platform to develop, test and deploy network- centric end-user applications

8. Components - Client A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it.  Mobile: Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile  Thin Client: Netbook, Nettop (some are gOS based system) A netbook is a small portable laptop computer designed for wireless communication and access to the Internet.  Thick Client/Web browser Services Application Platform Storage Infrastructure Client

9. Components - Services A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed in real-time over the Internet”. For example, Web Services which may be accessed by other cloud computing components, software, or end users directly.  Identity : OAuth, OpenID  Integration : Amazon Simple Queue Service It supports programmatic sending of messages via web service applications as a way to communicate over the internet.  Payments : Google Checkout, PayPal  Mapping : Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps  Search : Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS Application Platform Storage Infrastructure Client Services

10. Components - Application A cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture, often eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support.  Peer-to-peer / volunteer computing : Bittorrent, BOINC Projects, Skype  Web application : Facebook  Software as a service : Google Apps, SAP and Salesforce  Software plus services : Microsoft Online Services Software plus Services describes the idea of combining hosted services with capabilities that are best achieved with locally running software. Platform Storage Infrastructure Client Services Application

11. Components - Platform A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing platform, and/or solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.  Web application frameworks  Java Google Web Toolkit (Google App Engine)  Python Django (Google App Engine)  Ruby on Rails (Heroku) .NET (Azure Services Platform) Google App Engine is free up to a certain level of used resources.  Web hosting : Mosso  Proprietary : Force.com Force.com is a cloud computing platform as a service offering from Salesforce - the first of its kind allowing developers to build multi tenant applications that are hosted on their servers as a service. Storage Infrastructure Client Services Application Platform

12. Components - Storage Cloud storage involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month. * Suitable for US. Cloud storage can be delivered as a service to cloud computing, or can be delivered to end points directly. The SNIA(Storage Networking Industry Association) is creating standards for Cloud Storage.  Database : Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable datastore Amazon SimpleDB is a distributed database written in Erlang by Amazon.com.  Network attached storage : MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix CloudNAS  Synchronization : Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push functions  Web service : Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN  Backup : Backup Direct, Iron Mountain Inc services Backup Direct is a UK provider of online data backup and IT security. Infrastructure Client Services Application Platform Storage

13. Components - Infrastructure Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a service, is the delivery of computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service.  Full virtualization : GoGrid, Skytap Full virtualization, in computer science, is a virtualization technique used to implement a certain kind of virtual machine environment: one that provides a complete simulation of the underlying hardware. GoGrid is a cloud infrastructure service, hosting Linux and Windows virtual machines managed by a multi-server control panel.  Grid computing : Sun Grid Sun Grid is an on-demand grid computing service operated by Sun Microsystems.  Management : RightScale  Compute : Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud Client Services Application Platform Storage Infrastructure

14. 14 Confidential Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics Advantages Business Agility Cost – Pay as you go; no CapEx, only OpEx Device and Location independence Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users Centralization Peak-load capacity Utilization and efficiency Reliability Scalability Security Sustainability Issues Vendor lock-in concerns Political issues Security & Privacy

15. 15 Confidential Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics Advantages Business Agility Cost – Pay as you go; no CapEx, only OpEx Device and Location independence Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users Centralization Peak-load capacity Utilization and efficiency Reliability Scalability Security Sustainability Issues Vendor lock-in concerns Political issues Security & Privacy

16. 16 Confidential Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics Advantages Business Agility Cost – Pay as you go; no CapEx, only OpEx Device and Location independence Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users. Centralization Peak-load capacity Utilization and efficiency Reliability Scalability Security Sustainability Issues Vendor lock-in concerns Political issues Security & Privacy

17. 17 Confidential Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics Advantages Business Agility Cost – Pay as you go; no CapEx, only OpEx Device and Location independence Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users. Centralization Peak-load capacity Utilization and efficiency Reliability Scalability Security Sustainability Issues Vendor lock-in concerns Political issues Security & Privacy The Cloud Computing Manifesto is a manifesto containing a "public declaration of principles and intentions" for cloud computing providers and vendors, annotated as "a call to action for the worldwide cloud community" and "dedicated belief that the cloud should be open". User centric Philanthropic Openness Transparency Interoperability Representation Discrimination Evolution Balance Security The Cloud Computing Manifesto is a manifesto containing a "public declaration of principles and intentions" for cloud computing providers and vendors, annotated as "a call to action for the worldwide cloud community" and "dedicated belief that the cloud should be open". User centric Philanthropic Openness Transparency Interoperability Representation Discrimination Evolution Balance Security

18. 18 Confidential Trends - Forecasting Worldwide cloud services revenue is on pace to surpass $56.3 billion in 2009, a 21.3 percent increase from 2008 revenue of $46.4 billion, according to Gartner, Inc. The market is expected to reach $150.1 billion in 2013. -- March 26, 2009 Gartner Worldwide cloud services revenue is on pace to surpass $56.3 billion in 2009, a 21.3 percent increase from 2008 revenue of $46.4 billion, according to Gartner, Inc. The market is expected to reach $150.1 billion in 2013. -- March 26, 2009 Gartner Cloud Application Infrastructure Technologies Need Seven Years to Mature Phase 1: 2007 to 2011 — Pioneers and Trailblazers Phase 2: 2010 to 2013 — Market Consolidation Phase 3: 2012 to 2015 and Beyond — Mainstream Critical Mass and Commoditization -- from Gartner Cloud Application Infrastructure Technologies Need Seven Years to Mature Phase 1: 2007 to 2011 — Pioneers and Trailblazers Phase 2: 2010 to 2013 — Market Consolidation Phase 3: 2012 to 2015 and Beyond — Mainstream Critical Mass and Commoditization -- from Gartner

19. 19 Confidential Players?

20. 20 Confidential Any Questions? Thank You! Have a Good Weekend!

21. 21 Confidential From google trends

22. 22 Confidential Introduction - History Amazon EC2 (August 2006) Google App Engine (April 2008) Microsoft Azure (Oct 2008) Facebook Platform (May 2007) Amazon S3 (March 2006) Salesforce AppExchange (March 2006)