1. Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of organism genes. The central tool is the recombinant DNA technique. - to isolate a gene of interest from one organism - to insert the isolated gene to a DNA molecule (known as vector) that can replicate. - to provide an environment (known as recipient cells) that allows reproduction of the joined DNA molecule and generate the gene product.

2. Genetic Engineering To transfer a gene from one organism to another - transformation: plasmid as vector - transduction: viruses as vector - conjugation: direct cell-to-cell contact is required. The gene is transferred by an episome (DNA molecule).

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_%28genetics%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_conjugation

4. Transformation Transfer and cloning of insulin gene http://plantandsoil.unl.edu/croptechnology2005/gen/?what=animationList

5. Transformation Transfer and cloning of insulin gene bacterial DNA