1. Lecture (17 )

2. knee joint ( Tunnel view for intercondylar fossa) Patient Position  Kneeling on radiographic table side elevated  Affected knee flexed 70 degrees Part position  Adjust knee to cassette  Patellar apex centered to cassette  Lace ad support under ankle and leg of unaffected side  Ask patient to slowly lean forward 20-25 Degrees Central Ray  Perpendicular to lower leg Center Point Long axis of leg entering mid Popliteal crease Structure shown Intercondylar fossa without superimposition with patella

3. knee joint ( Tunnel view for intercondylar fossa) Patient Position  Kneeling on radiographic table side elevated  Affected knee flexed 70 degrees Part position  Adjust knee to cassette  Patellar apex centered to cassette  Lace ad support under ankle and leg of unaffected side  Ask patient to slowly lean forward 20-25 Degrees Central Ray  Perpendicular to lower leg Center Point Long axis of leg entering mid Popliteal crease Structure shown Intercondylar fossa without superimposition with patella

4. Patella Basic Projections PA / AP Lateral Tangential PA Patella Exposure Factors KvmAsFFD (cm)GridFocusCassette 655100NoFine24 x 30 cm Patient Position Prone with knee extended

5. Part position Adjust patella to be parallel with cassette (interepicondylar line parallel to film holder) place support under ankle & leg Central Ray Perpendicular Center Point Mid popliteal area Structure shown Knee joint with good details of centralized patella

6. Patella (Lateral) Patient Position Lateral recumbent Affected side down Part position Adjust knee in true lateral Flex knee only 5degrees Align long axis of patella to CR Central Ray Perpendicular Center Point Mid patellofemoral joint Structure shown Patella, Patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint

7. Patella (Tangential View) (Axial or skyline Patient Position  Prone with foot resting on table Part position  Flex affected knee  Tibia & fibula must form 50-60degrees angle from table Central Ray  45degrees cephalic Center Point  through patellofemoral joint Structure shown Patella &intercondylar sulcus (Trochlear groove)