2.  Started a time of peace and prosperity in Rome that lasted till 180 A.D. Called the Pax Romana or Roman Peace.  Augustus created a standing army of 150,000 men  Praetorian Guard-9,000 men guarding the emperor  Added all of Spain and Gual and lands in Austria, Hungry, Romania, and Bulgaria  Beautified Rome, and encouraged the arts  Added more government officials to better rule the empire  Reformed the tax and legal systems

3.  Augustus named no heir to his throne, but had been training his relative Tiberius. The following three were also from Augustus’s family: Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.  Tiberius 14-37 A.D.  Great military leader, regulated business to prevent fraud; kept Rome’s economy stable  Caligula 37-41 A.D.  Abolished sales tax, allowed people in exile to return; increased court system’s power. Battled with mental illness; murdered a lot of people, wasted a lot of money, and named his favorite horse Praetorian Guard

4.  Claudius 41-54 A.D.  Built new harbor at Ostia and a new aqueduct for Rome: conquered most of Britain  Nero 54-68 A.D.  Constructed new buildings; gave slaves the right to file complaints; assisted cities suffering from disasters. Known for killing his mother, and two wives. Sat in safety watching much of Rome burn. He eventually committed suicide.

5.  After Nero committed suicide, Rome passed through a period of disorder until Vespasian, a general took the throne.  He put down several rebellions, and started the construction of the Colosseum  His sons Titus and Domitian ruled after his death. Pompeii erupted during Titus’s reign.

6.  Five rulers-Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Anthony-presided over almost a century of growth and prosperity  Agriculture and trade flourished, while the standard of living rose.  The empire reached its largest under Trajan

7.  Nerva 96-98 A.D.  Reformed land laws in favor of the poor; revised taxes  Trajan 98-117 A.D.  Expanded the empire to its largest size; built many new public works  Hadrian 117-138 A.D.  Build Hadrian’s Wall in Britain; made Roman laws easier to understand  Antoninus Pius 138-161 A.D.  Promoted art and science; built new public works; passed laws to aid orphans  Marcus Aurelius 161-180 A.D.  Helped unite the empire economically; reformed Roman law

8.  During the Pax Romana, Rome’s system of roads reached a total of 50,000 miles  They got rid of pirates on the Mediterranean  They had a common currency. Roman coins were accepted throughout the Mediterranean region by 100 A.D.