1. The Punic Wars 1st: 264-241 2nd: 218-201 3rd:
(Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, North Africa)
2nd:
(Italy, Spain, North Africa)
3rd:
(North Africa)

2. Messana: 264
Mylae 260
(Consuls: Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Asina and Gaius Duilius vs. Hannibal Gisco
Economus 256
(Consuls Marcus Atilius Regulus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus vs. Hanno the Great and Hamilcar )
Tunis, Aspis Adys 256-5
Marcus Atilius Regulus vs. Xanthippus
Drepana 249
Publius Claudius Pulcher and Lucius Junius Paullus vs. Adherbal
Aegates Islands 241
Gaius Lutiatus Catulus vs. Hanno

3. Phoenician colonies in the Western Mediterranean

4. Carthage’s dominance in the Mediterranean in 264 BCE.

5. Route of Punic Army to Messana 265-264 BCE.
Rhegium

7. Roman Corvus

8. Roman Corvus

9. Battle of Mylae 260 BCE: First use of Roman Corvus

10. Augustan Reproduction of Gaius Duilius’ victory inscription

11. Location of the inscription

14. Romans invade Africa 256 BCE – 255 BCE

15. 1. Roman landing and capture of Apsis (256 BCE) 2
1. Roman landing and capture of Apsis (256 BCE) 2. Roman victory at Adys (256 BCE) 3. Romans besiege Tunis (256 BCE) 4. Xanthippus sets out from Carthage with a large army (255 BCE) 5. Battle of Tunis. Romans are defeated on the Bagradas River. Consul Atilius Regulus is taken prisoner (255 BCE) 6. Romans retreat to Apsis and leave Africa. Roman fleet destroyed by storm (255 BCE)

16. Following destruction of Roman Fleet by storm: 1
Following destruction of Roman Fleet by storm: 1. Carthage seizes Agrigentum, burns citadel and retreats (255 BCE) 2. Roman fleet destroyed by storm (255 BCE) (yellow = Punic, pink = Roman, green = Syracusan)

17. Roman attacks BCE 3 4 2 1

19. Rome isolates Hamilcar in Sicily 247-241 BCE3 2 4

20. Diminishing power of Carthage 265-201 BCE

21. Silver coins issued after the Roman victory over Carthage in the First Punic War. The obverse shows the two-headed Janus, whose shrine in the Roman Forum was closed to mark the end of the war.