1. Lari Warren-Jeanpiere, PhD Sandra Jones, PhD Madeline Y. Sutton MD, MPH Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Division of Adolescent and School Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Lari Warren-Jeanpiere, PhD Sandra Jones, PhD Madeline Y. Sutton MD, MPH Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Division of Adolescent and School Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Facilitators and barriers to HIV/AIDS prevention at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) "The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."

2. Collaborators  Division of Adolescent and School Health (CDC) Sandra Jones  Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (CDC) Madeline Sutton Christina Dorell Lisa Fitzpatrick Sonal Pathak Felicia Hardnett  Office of Health Disparities (CDC) Lauretta Pinckney Hazel Dean  United Negro College Fund-Special Projects Corporation Pierre Wright Sagina Wahi  Division of Adolescent and School Health (CDC) Sandra Jones  Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (CDC) Madeline Sutton Christina Dorell Lisa Fitzpatrick Sonal Pathak Felicia Hardnett  Office of Health Disparities (CDC) Lauretta Pinckney Hazel Dean  United Negro College Fund-Special Projects Corporation Pierre Wright Sagina Wahi

3. Background  In 2005 39% of U.S. adolescents ages 18-24 were enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities.  Many college students are engaging in risky sexual behavior.  In 2005 39% of U.S. adolescents ages 18-24 were enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities.  Many college students are engaging in risky sexual behavior.

4. The role of HBCUs in HIV/AIDS prevention  Facilitating positive social change  Instituting campus HIV prevention policies »HIV testing »Prevention Education and counseling »Abstinence-based programs  HBCU Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior (KAB) Study  Facilitating positive social change  Instituting campus HIV prevention policies »HIV testing »Prevention Education and counseling »Abstinence-based programs  HBCU Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior (KAB) Study

5. Health Administrator Results:  Campus HIV/AIDS prevention policies Has a formal or informal HIV prevention policy (n=23) No formal policy (n=12) Formal policy (n=11) Unaware of any policy (n=1)  Campus HIV/AIDS prevention policies Has a formal or informal HIV prevention policy (n=23) No formal policy (n=12) Formal policy (n=11) Unaware of any policy (n=1)

6. Health Administrator Results  How does current school policy influence campus HIV prevention climate?  Positive influence (n=21)  Visitation restrictions  Condom availability  HIV testing is available

7. Health Administrator Results  30% perceived difficulty partnering with faculty, parents and/or administration  38% perceived difficulty partnering with local health departments and businesses  30% perceived difficulty partnering with churches  30% perceived difficulty partnering with faculty, parents and/or administration  38% perceived difficulty partnering with local health departments and businesses  30% perceived difficulty partnering with churches

8. Results: Sneaking to have sex  Lack of student freedom contributes to risky sexual behavior M: “I think it’ll be better for us to have co-ed because we ain’t gonna be out there sneaking… But, when it’s open, when it’s right there to you, we not going be out there having sex with all these girls, cause it’s right there!” M: “Because, if you had more, you know, freedom… or something like that, it would be a lot different.”

9. Student Focus Group Results: Stigma regarding on-campus HIV testing  Lack of confidentiality F: “You have to go the infirmary. But you know everybody in the infirmary. You know the nurse. You don’t want everybody knowing your business. Like, you’re in the infirmary and if you’re doing HIV testing and getting results – everybody knows.” F: “We think that nobody knows our grades and our transcripts. And, we find out people that work in the office know your grades and your transcripts. So, if that can get out… because that’s supposed to be confidential. So, just imagine. God forbid, you know, it comes out that you have AIDS. It’s going to be known.” M: [“University E’s] too little to keep anything confidential. Come on, now.”

10. Implications Facilitators to campus HIV prevention efforts Condom availability Encourages HIV testing Makes students feel welcome Condom unavailability Encourages abstinence Promotes “sexual purity lifestyle”

11. Implications Barriers to campus prevention efforts  Condom unavailability Does not support prevention  Structural barriers Lack of resources (money, time, staff) Lack of interest in HIV prevention Campus bureaucracy Conservative beliefs among campus and broader community

12. Implications Barriers to campus prevention efforts  Barriers to Safe Sex Strategies Lack of confidentiality Restricted visitation Limited availability of condoms on campus

13. Conclusion  Need to decrease perceived barriers related to: negative attitudes lack of support confidentiality