1. Aerobic Respiration WALT Mitochondria The structure and role of mitochondria in respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs in four stages Glycolysis The link reaction The Krebs cycle The Electron Transport Chain

2. Aerobic Respiration Define the following: Respiration Breathing Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

3. Aerobic Respiration Respiration is the process that releases energy in organic molecules such as sugars and lipids. Respiration takes place in all cells all of the time Breathing is the mechanical process that supplies oxygen to the body for respiration and that removes carbon dioxide produced. Breathing ventilates the gas exchange surfaces. Aerobic Respiration is respiration with oxygen – most organisms respire aerobically releasing a relatively large amount of energy. Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen – some organisms mainly bacteria can only respire anaerobically others can switch to anaerobic when oxygen levels are low.

4. Aerobic respiration describes the cell processes that require oxygen to release energy from all organic molecules. Respiration involves the breakdown of many molecules from the food we eat. Humans respire mainly sugars but also some amino acids and fatty acids. Aerobic Respiration

5. For any chemical reaction to occur energy is required to break bonds. The process of forming new bond can either require energy or release energy For there to be a release of energy the products of respiration must be at a lower energy level than the reactants.

6. Aerobic Respiration Energy in molecules Time Glucose and oxygen CO 2 +H 2 O

7. Aerobic Respiration What is the basic equation for respiration? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + ENERGY In reality cell respiration takes place in a series of stages, these can produce a up to 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose The steps involved in respiration rely on a series of redox reactions C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + 36 ATP

8. Aerobic Respiration Energy in molecule s Time Glucose and oxygen CO 2 +H 2 O Combustion has one step and occurs very rapidly Energy is lost as heat Energy in molecules Time Glucose and oxygen CO 2 +H 2 O Respiration occurs in small steps and releases energy in controlled amounts. Less energy is lost as heat

9. ATP

10. Hydrolysis of ATP

11. Aerobic Respiration The process of aerobic respiration can be divided into 4 distinct processes: Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation The Krebs cycle The electron transport chain

12. Mitochondria What are mitochondria? Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelles distributed through the cytosol of most eukaryotic cells. Their main function is the conversion of the potential energy of food molecules into ATP. Mitochondria have: an outer membrane that encloses the entire structure an inner membrane that encloses a fluid-filled matrix between the two is the intermembrane space the inner membrane is elaborately folded with shelflike cristae projecting into the matrix. a small number (some 5–10) circular molecules of DNA

13. Mitochondria Copy and label the diagram of a mitochondria from page 11 of the text book

14. Mitochondria

15. StageSite Within CellOverall processNumber of ATP molecules produced Aerobic Respiration Use the information on pages 11 and 12 to complete the table

16. Aerobic Respiration StageSite Within CellOverall processNumber of ATP molecules produced GlycolysisCytosolGlucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvate 2 per glucose molecule Pyruvate Oxidation Matrix – inner fluid of mitochondria Pyruvate is converted to acetyl co A none Krebs CycleAcetyl co A drives a cycle of reactions to produce hydrogen 2 per turn so 4 per glucose Electron Transport Chain Inner membrane of mitochondria Hydrogen drives a series of redox reactions to produce ATP Up to 32 per glucose