1. WHO BUYS? HOMEOWNERSHIP TRAJECTORIES FOR CANADIAN IMMIGRANTS BARRY EDMONSTON barry.edmonston@utoronto.ca

2. Main Findings  Strong age cohort, ageing, immigrant cohort, and immigrant adaptation effects.  Moderate attainment of homeownership during the early 1990s.  Effects of other covariates are as expected.  Homeownership rates vary across immigrant ethnic groups.  Place effects require further study.

3. Data and Variables  Sample: 1991 and 1996 3-percent Public Use Microdata files  Response variable: homeownership (yes or no)  Explanatory variables (used to estimate 4 nested logistic regression models): Temporal: age cohort, immigrant cohort, year (double-cohort design variables) Household: householder's marital status, gender, education, language; presence of children, number of persons, income Ethnic origin: fixed effects for 12 ethnic origin groups Place: fixed effects for residence

4. Double-Cohort Design  Distinction between cross-sectional and longitudinal inferences of temporal changes  Shifts in age group differences over time reflect aging and intercohort differences  Likewise, shifts in immigrant cohorts over time reflect adaptation and intercohort differences  Double-cohort approach: has birth cohorts nested within immigrant cohorts includes immigrant cohort, birth cohort, year, and interaction effects

5. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Age Cohorts (relative to 40-49) for 4 Logistic Regression Models

6. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Ageing (relative to 40-49 and 1991) for 4 Logistic Regression Models

7. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Immigrant Cohorts (relative to Canada-born) for 4 Logistic Regression Models

8. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Immigrant Adaptation (relative to Canada-born and 1991) for 4 Logistic Regression Models

9. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Household Type (relative to married- couples)

10. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Gender of Householder (relative to female householder)

11. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Presence of Children (relative to households with no children present)

12. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Number of Persons in the Household (relative to 3- person households)

13. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Householder’s Educational Attainment (relative to high-school diploma)

14. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Knowledge of Official Languages (relative to no knowledge of official languages)

15. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Household Income (relative to household income of $45,000 in 1991 dollars)

16. Odds Ratios for Homeownership for Ethnic Origin Groups (relative to European-Origin)

17. Theoretical Implications and Future Research  Theoretical implications: Support for immigrant adaptation perspective Other theoretical perspectives  Additional dimensions of housing adaptation need to be examined  Future revisions and additions to analysis