1. 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 2

2. 2 Research Methods 1. What types of research methods do biological psychologists use? (continued) 2.What ethical considerations do biological psychologists face?

3. 3 1. distinguish between the distinct types of studies used in biopsychological research. 3. review the ethical guidelines for conducting human and nonhuman biopsychological research. By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 2. discuss arguments for and against the use of non- human subjects in biopsychological research.

4. 4 4. Case studies  Designed to examine a single case or subject.  An excellent source of testable hypotheses.  Example: Parkin (2003): “The case of NA and the perils of a miniature foil.” What types of research methods do biological psychologists use?

5. 5 What ethical considerations do biological psychologists face? Both human and nonhuman animals are the subject of biopsychological research. The use of nonhuman animals in biopsychological research is based on the assumption that there is evolutionary continuity in the brain. The comparison of biological processes and behaviour across species is referred to as the “comparative approach.”

6. 6 Biological psychologists confront a host of ethical considerations when conducting research with both human and nonhuman subjects. Examples: Drug vs. placebo administration to humans with HIV. Cortical lesions among non-human primates.

7. 7 Ethical guidelines for humans stress informed consent (American Psychological Association, 2008):  Coercion is not allowed.  Participants must be given sufficient information to make an informed decision regarding participation.  Participants must be assured confidentiality.  Participants must be given the opportunity to learn the study’s outcomes.

8. 8 Ethical guidelines for nonhumans stress need, housing, and care (American Psychological Association, 2008):  Nonhuman animal research should have a clear scientific purpose.  Excellent housing and care must be provided, with regular checkups by veterinarians and inspections.  Procedures must cause as little pain and distress as possible.

9. 9 The use of nonhuman subjects for studies that are not acceptable for humans continues to generate debate. Informative websites relevant to this debate are: www.apa.org/science/anguide.html www.the-aps.org/pa/humane/pa_resource.htm www.fbresarch.org/About/FAQ.htm onlineethics.org/reseth/mod/regan.html www.stopanimaltests.com www.peta.org/about/faq-viv.asp

10. 10 Research Methods 1. What types of research methods do biological psychologists use? (continued) 2.What ethical considerations do biological psychologists face?