1. Preferred orientation Stereographic projections of pole density random single crystal oriented polycrystalline material

2. Preferred orientation Simple example - Goss texture (cubic) RD {100} poles{110} poles

3. Preferred orientation Simple example - Goss texture (cubic) RD {100} & {110} poles In conventional powder diffractometry, reflections only appear when plane poles (reciprocal lattice vectors) are coincident w/ diffraction vector (always perpendicular to specimen surface)

4. Preferred orientation To obtain pole figures, need additional rotation axes - sample intensity for one set of planes over hemisphere To obtain pole figures, need additional rotation axes - sample intensity for one set of planes over hemisphere {100} poles One meas. scheme - do  scans at various  angles Run random specimen & plot intensity difference to get pole figure Use std symmetry projections to determine texture type(s)