1. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou1 Xiaolan ZOU CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France Heat and Particle Transport Investigation in Tore Supra with SMBI

2. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou2 SMBI Experiments SMBI experiments setup:  Modulation frequency: 1 Hz;  Density: n e : 1.3~3.0x10 19 m -3 “non-local” transport: Central heating driven by edge cooling (CHEC) Fig.1 SMBI modulation experiment with ECRH. Previous Observations Gentle, TEXT, Impurity, 1995 Kissick, TFTR, Impurity, 1995 Zou, Tore Supra, Pellet 1998 Mantica, RTP, Pellet, 2000

3. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou3 with CHEC withou CHEC Threshold in density : 2.2x10 19 m -3 Fig.2 Diagram for the observation of CHEC. SMBI Experiments

4. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou4 Temperature profile comparison between three phases 1) before injection 2) after injection and with ‘nonlocal’ effect 3) after ‘nonlocal’ phenomena disappear. Temperature Profile Fig. 3 Temperature profile variation and perturbation evolution with nonlocal effect.

5. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou5 DiffusionConvectionSourceDamping SMBI Hot pulse Cold pulse Fig.4 Time-space evolution of the temperature perturbation during SMBI with CHEC. SMBI Cold pulse Fig.5 Time-space evolution of the temperature perturbation during SMBI without CHEC. Cold Pulse Propagation

6. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou6 Cold Pulse Propagation Convection Diffusion Convection Diffusion Strong convection (heat pinch) Weak diffusion (soliton?) Fig.6 Time-space evolution of dT e /dt during SMBI with CHEC.

7. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou7 Heat Transport with FFT Analysis with CHEC without CHEC Fig.7 Amplitude and phase of the 1st harmonic of the Fourier transform of the modulated temperature by SMBI. Experimental (O) and simulation (-) results. Fig.8 Parameters ( , V) used for the simulation of Fig.6. with CHEC without CHEC Phase sensitive to the diffusivity:. Weak diffusivity in the case with CHEC.

8. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou8 Particle Transport with FFT analysis Fig.9 FFT analysis of the density modulation. Sharp decrease of the particle diffusivity inside of the temperature perturbation inversion region. Particle pinch velocity observed in both cases. The pinch value in the case with CHEC is one third than that in the case without CHEC. Barrier for particle transport found around the temperature inversion radius (grey area) for the case with CHEC. D=1.3m 2 /s, V=3.5m/s D=1.5m 2 /s, V=5.5m/s D=0.4m 2 /s, V=0.4m/s D=1.1m 2 /s, V=1.8m/s q=1  T e inversion region CHEC w/o CHEC

9. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou9 Simulation with Analytical Transport Model Fig. 10 FFT analysis and simulation for density perturbation Fig. 11 Particle diffusivity D and pinch velocity V used for simulation in Fig.10. Barrier

10. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou10 Energy Confinement with CHEC without CHEC Improvement of the energy confinement in the case with CHEC: +30% No improvement of the energy confinement in the case without CHEC. Fig.12 Confinement time during SMBI for the case with CHEC. Fig.13 Confinement time during SMBI for the case without CHEC.

11. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou11 Fig.14 Confinement time ratio before and during SMBI as function of the density. Improvement of the energy confinement for low density (n e <2x10 19 m -3 ). No improvement of the energy confinement for high density. Better improvement with ECRH. Energy Confinement

12. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou12 Rotation Velocity Fig. 15 Poloidal rotation velocity measured by Doppler reflectometry. High density case withou CHEC. Fig. 16 Poloidal rotation velocity measured by Doppler reflectometry. Low density case with CHEC. without CHEC with CHEC

13. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou13 Alternative Approach Cold source propagation  Strong convection  Weak diffusion DiffusionConvectionSourceDamping Alternative Approach  Source effect negligible  No convection  Diffusivity variation effect   Turbulence propagation

14. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou14 Turbulence Soliton and Zonal Flow Drift-Wave-Zonal-Flow Turbulence Soliton (Z. Gao, L. Chen, F. Zonca, Phy. Rev. Lett., 103 (2009))  Non-linear Schrödinger equation  Linear dispersion  Non-linear self-trapping by scalar potential well created by zonal flow

15. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou15 Simulation with Turbulence Soliton

16. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou16 Mechanism Zonal Flow Is Zonal Flow the mechanism for CHEC and soliton-like propagation of the cold pulse? SMBI Cold Pulse Drift- Wave Turbulenc e Solitons Hot Pulse Zonal Flow Positive Negative

17. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou17 Conclusions CHEC effect observed with SMBI for low density. Similar threshold in density as pellet. Improvement of the energy confinement by SMBI for low density. Better improvement with ECRH. Plasma rotation change observed during SMBI for low density. Weak diffusion and strong convection (pinch) for the cold pulse propagation in the case with CHEC or Soliton like propagation of the turbulence governed by zonal flow Simulation qualitatively with turbulence soliton.

18. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou18 Open Issues  Heat soliton or Turbulence soliton ?  Mechanism for the improvement of the energy confinement by SMBI.  Correlation between CHEC and this improvement.  Coupling between the heat and particle transport.

19. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou19

20. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou20

21. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou21 SMBI in OH for low density Fig. 2 Zoom of the temperature perturbation during and after SMBI. V=4m/s Cold pulse Injection Hot pulse  T e inversion V=3m/s

22. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou22 Pellet in OH for low density Cold pulse Pellet Hot pulse Fig.4 2D image of T e perturbation with pellet. V=4m/s

23. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou23 SMBI during ECRH for low density ECRH SMBI Hot pulse Cold pulse Fig.5 2D image of T e perturbation with SMBI during ECRH. V=5m/s

24. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou24 SMBI in OH for high density SMBICold pulse Fig.6 2D image of T e perturbation with SMBI in OH for high density. V=7m/s

25. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou25 Pellet in OH for high density Cold pulse Pellet Fig.7 2D image of T e perturbation with pellet in OH for high density. V=8m/s

26. Association Euratom-CEA TORE SUPRA EAST, China 07/01/2010Xiaolan Zou26 Heat Transport with FFT Analysis Fig. 8 FFT analysis of the temperature perturbation. Simulation results show sharp decrease of heat diffusivity. Heat pinch velocity observed in both cases. The pinch value in the NLT case is half than that in the no NLT case. Barrier found at the temperature inversion radius(grey area) for NLT case.  =0.15m 2 /s, V=1.4m/s  =0.85m 2 /s, V=2.7m/s q=1  T e inversion region V ph =1.4m/s V ph =3.3m/s