1. Midterm Review Use to complete study

2. Chapter 1 Definitions 1.Cell – The smallest unit that can perform all of life processes. (page 7) 2.Metabolism – The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism. (p 7) 3.Theory – An explanation that is based on observation, experimentation and reasoning (p 19)

3. 4.Hypothesis – An explanation that is based on observations that can be tested. (p 16) 5.Homeostasis – The maintenance of a constant internal environment. (p 8)

4. 6. List the 7 characteristics of life. Cellular organization Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity Responsiveness Growth and Development

5. Midterm Review 7. What process produces more of the same species? Reproduction 8.Using the following words, place them in order. SUN  PLANT  PLANT EATER  MEAT EATER

6. 9. How and why do scientists design experiments? With a general idea of the results. They have expectations for what is going to happen.

7. 10. How do scientists test hypotheses? By the use of experiments. These experiments must be able to produce the same results multiple times.

8. Midterm Review 11. In science we often use the word theory, what does theory mean in science when compared to everyday language? A theory unites and explains a broad range of observations based on experiments.

9. Chapter 2 12. Acidic – Ph less than 7. Example lemon juice (P 33) 13. Basic – Ph greater than 7. Example soap. (P 33) 14. Enzyme – Type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions. (P 40)

10. 15. What organic molecules get classified as carbohydrates? Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides ALL CALLED SUGAR

11. Midterm Review 16. How do animals store extra glucose? Glycogen 17. List the two types of nucleic acids DNA RNA 18.What is stored inside of DNA? Hereditary information

12. 19. Describe the shape of the DNA molecule. Double Helix or Spiral staircase

13. Chapter 3 20. Membrane- Regulates what enters and exits the cell. 21.Nucleus- In eukaryotic cells, a membrane bound organelle that contains the DNA. (P 58) 22.Chloraplasts- An organelle in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. (P 66) 23.Organelle-Small body found in the cytoplasm of a cell that are specialized to perform a specific function. (P 58)

14. Midterm Review 24. When using a microscope what determines if the image is clear or not? Resolution 25. How do we determine the total magnification of a microscope? Objective lens X eye piece

15. 24. When using a microscope what determines if the image is clear or not? The resolution.

16. 25. How do we determine the total magnification of a microscope? Multiply the optical lense magnification by the objective lense magnification.

17. 26. What is considered to be the smallest unit of life? Cells

18. 27. List the differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell. Eukaryote  Nucleus  organelles  Linear DNA  Large  Reproduce slowly (24+ hours)  Examples: Plants, animals, fungi & protists Prokaryote  No nucleus  No membrane bound organelles  Circular DNA  Small  Reproduce quickly (20 min.)  Examples: Bacteria

19. 28. What organelle is involved in photosynthesis? Chloroplasts

20. Chapter 4 29 Hypertonic – A solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell. Causes a cell to shrink. (P 77) 30 Hypotonic – A solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell. Causes a cell to swell (P 77)

21. 31. Describe the process of diffusion. The movement of a particle from high concentration to low concentration. Form of passive transport. Does not require energy

22. 32. If a molecule is to large to be transported by diffusion how is it absorbed into the cell? Endocytosis

23. Chapter 5 33.ATP – Organic molecule that acts of the main energy source for cell processes (P 37) 34. Heterotroph – Obtains organic food by eating other organisms. (P 95) 35. Autotroph – Produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances. (P 94) 36.Photosynthesis.- The process by which plants, algea and some bacteria use sunlight and carbon dioxide and water to make carbohydrates and oxygen (P 94)

24. Midterm Review 37. What is energy used for? Growth, reproduction, movement, active transport 38. What is the ultimate source of energy? Sun

25. 39. What is glycolysis and what does it produce? Splitting of a glucose molecule produces 2 pyruvate molecules

26. 40. What happens in the process of cellular respiration? Breaking down food molecules to release energy. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 +6H 2 O + energy

27. Midterm Review 41. When oxygen is present what are the two stages of cellular respiration ? 1.Glycolysis 2.Aerobic respiration 42. When oxygen is absent what happens? – Fermentation

28. Midterm Review 43. Cells produce energy more efficiently in the presence of what? Oxygen

29. 44. Write the equation for photosynthesis 6CO 2 +6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon + water yields sugar + oxygen dioxide

30. 45. Write the equation for cellular respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 +6H 2 O + energy Sugar + Oxygen yields Carbon dioxide +water + energy.