1. In English there are four participles: present active and passive and
perfect active and passive. In Latin there are three participles: present
active, perfect passive, and future active.
Latin Present Active Participle (Page 282)
Present Stem + ns (Nom.) ntis (Gen.)
Verb Stem + ns, ntis = Present Active Participle
1st voco vocare voca + ns, ntis = vocans vocantis calling, while calling
2nd moneo monere mone + ns, ntis = monens monentis warning, while warning
3rd rego regere rege + ns, ntis = regens regentis ruling, while ruling
3rd capio capere capie + ns, ntis = capiens capientis taking, while taking
4th audio audire audie + ns, ntis = audiens audientis hearing, while hearing
The Present Active Participle is declined as a third declension “i” stem with the
exception of e in the ablative singular, all genders.

2. Present Active Participle
voco vocare call
Present Active Participle = vocans vocantis calling, while calling
Nom. vocans vocans
Gen. vocantis vocantis
Dat. vocanti vocanti
Acc. vocantem vocans
Abl. vocante vocante
Nom. vocantes vocantia
Gen. vocantium vocantium
Dat.. vocantibus vocantibus
Acc. vocantes vocantia
Abl. vocantibus vocantibus
calling,
while calling

3. Participial Phrase with a Present Participle
Multi homines in silvam fugientes capti sunt.
Simple Translation
Many men fleeing into the forest were captured.
Many men while fleeing into the forest were captured.
Clause Translation
Many men were captured while they were fleeing into the forest.
Many men were captured as they were fleeing into the forest.
Many men were captured when they were fleeing into the forest.
Many men who were fleeing into the forest were captured.

4. Review of Indirect Statement (Indirect Discourse) (Page 278)
In Latin when a simple statement is indirectly quoted, the verb is changed
from the indicative mood in the direct statement to the infinitive in the indirect
statement, and the subject is changed from the nominative to the accusative
case.
Direct statement: Vir ambulat. The man is walking.
Indirect statement: Dicit virum ambulare. He says that the man
is walking.
Difference between English and Latin Indirect Statement
English Latin
The verb is finite. The verb is in the infinitive.
The introductory word that is used. There is no introductory word.
The subject is in the nominative case. The subject is in accusative case.

5. Nota Bene: (Page 278)
Indirect Statements usually follow verbs of mental action, such as
say, tell, know, think, hear, perceive, and the like.
These verbs should be memorized:
dico (3), say, tell scio (4), know nuntio (1), announce, tell
puto (1), think audio (4), hear sentio (4), feel, perceive
nego (1), say not, deny video (2), see existimo (1), think
intellego (3), understand spero (1) hope demonstro (1), show
Sequence of Tenses for Indirect Statement
The present infinitive denotes the same time as the main verb;
The perfect infinitive denotes time before that of the main verb;
The future infinitive denotes time after that of the main verb.

6. 1. Because of envy Pompey, knowing the facts, said he
would destroy Caesar.
Propter invidiam Pompejus facta sciens se Caesarem deleturum esse
dixit.
2. Did Caesar ever know that a conspiracy had been formed?
Sciebatne umquam Caesar conjurationem factam esse?
Scivitne
3. Did we not show above that Pompey was defeated in a war?
Nonne supra demonstravimus Pompejum in bello victum esse.
bello