1. London in Shakespeare’s Time

2. The Reformation—The 16 th Century

3. The Tudor Family ruled England Henry VIII 1509-1547 King Edward VI 1537-1553 (Protestant) ‘The boy king’ Mary Tudor 1553 -1558 (Catholic) ‘Bloody Mary’ Elizabeth I 1558 – 1503 (Protestant) ‘The Virgin Queen’

4. The Elizabethan Era (1558 -1603)  Elizabethan theatre grew and William Shakespeare, among others, composed plays that broke away from England's past style of plays.  More people were educated during this time in London than ever before.

5. The Elizabethan Era (1558 -1603)  Population grew 400% from 1500 to 1600  nearly 200,000 people in the city proper and outlying region

7. An Overpopulated City Streets were narrow and crowded People moved from the city to the country London’s economy grew

8. Poor Sanitation  Little or no drainage  Running water hard to come by  Bad smells  Rotting vegetables  Human excrement  Bathing not common practice

9. Lots of People = lots of problems 1.Disease 2.Poor sanitation 3.Riots

10. Lots of People = lots of problems Typhoid –inflammation of the intestine. Gout (rich) Meat diet Scurvy (poor) lack of Vitamin C Tooth ache (complications) Complications in result of amputations Measles Diseases of the explorers

11. The Black Plague  Bubonic plague – originated in Central Asia killing 25 million  Hit London several times  Rats hosted the disease carriers Plague Symptoms: Sneezing and swelling of the lymph nodes, bleeding in the lungs.

12. The Gap Between Rich and Poor  The poor lived in homes that are little better than sheds.  One earthen-floored room downstairs for living and cooking  There was an upstairs loft is for sleeping in and storing hay.  Peasants keep animals in the house. Windows are shuttered and have no glass.  Thatched roofs are a fire hazard and a nesting place for rats and insects

13. The Rich

14.  Royalty  Servants and attendants  Family money  Loan sharks  Business men  Wealthy land owners  Trade merchants

15. Guilds  The workers guild protected the crafts people of the time.  Insured quality of work  Worked much like a union  Membership was mandatory to be successful and sought after in London

16. Occupations

17. Occupation Stationer or Bookseller Mercer Milliner Hatter Product/Service Books, paper, quills, ink Cloth Hats, gloves

18. Occupations Occupation Tailor Seamstress Draper Product/Service Clothing Shirts/Smocks Cloth merchant

19. Occupations Occupation Fletcher Bower or Bowyer Farrier Product/Service Arrows Bows (to go with the arrows) Horse shoes

20. Occupations Occupation Blacksmith Armorer Limner Product/Service Other ironwork Armor Portrait Artist

21. Occupations Occupation Lawyer Apothecary Barber or Surgeon Product/Service Legal Services Medication Dentistry

22. Occupations Occupation Cooper Miller Moneylenders Product/Service Barrels Grinds Grain Bankers

23. Occupations Occupation Spinster Candle maker Product/Service Women who spun wool Candles

24. Lower Class Clothes  Peasants-wool (which was often dyed)- browns, and pale yellow, black, pale green

25. Lower Class Clothes  Peasants had to wear multi layered clothes.  They used to wear "doublets” doublets were thick jackets made of wool, soft leather, heavy linen or canvas.  Over the doublets, they wore "jerkins", which were identical to doublets but loose in fitting.

26. Lower Class Clothes  They wore "knickers", which were pants that buttoned below the knees.  On the lower half of the leg, they used to wear knit woolen hose, or, knee socks to protect them from the extremely cold weather of England.

27. Middle Class Clothes  Middle class-cotton, and layered clothing. Collars  Neatly fitted clothes, with a few ruffled edges  Weapons—daggers

28. Middle Class Clothes

29. The Upper Class wore velvet, cotton, lace, silk, gold embroidery. Fancy shoes and hats Color- black, purple, maroon, gold, white shirts. Weapons—Swords Upper Class Clothes

31. Food and Drink  Eggs  Meat  Fish  Egg Plant  Cabbage  Turnip  Fruit and sugary sauces  Ale and Beer (water shortage)  Wine  Puddings, pies, cakes  Gingerbread  Almond  Bagels and bread  Nutmeg

32. Entertainment  Other than gambling, drinking at the pub, playing cards, tennis and lawn bowling, watching plays (the theatre) was the main source of entertainment.

33. Why study Shakespeare?  William helped turn the theatrical profession into a gentlemanly profession loved by all people, from Kings and Queens to peasants and servants. Today, a writer, actor, director, or producer is well respected Words and Phrases created over 2,000 new words and phrases. They include: schoolboy, shooting star, puppy-dog, football, bandit, partner, downstairs, upstairs, leapfrog, alligator, and mimic

34. Sound familiar?  William's plots are present in movies, television shows, and books. They have become so common we may not realize they were first introduced by William.

35. Sound familiar?  An evil person who dies because of own wrongdoing (Macbeth)  Mistaken identity (A Comedy of Errors)  Giving a person a taste of their own medicine ( The Taming of the Shrew)  Torn between loyalty and revenge (Hamlet)  Star Crossed Lovers (Romeo and Juliet)

36. Movies/Plays  10 Things I hate About You  Lion King  West Side Story  She’s the Man  Forbidden Planet