1. PC-TRIO: A Power Efficient TACM Architecture for Packet Classifiers Author: Tania Banerjee, Sartaj Sahni, Gunasekaran Seetharaman Publisher: IEEE Computer Society 2015 Presenter: Yi-Hao Lai Date: 2015/11/4 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan R.O.C.

2. Introduction The main limitation of TCAMs is that these memories are power hungry. In fact at the same access rate, a TCAM may consume 30 times more power than an SRAM used for a software based classification. This problem is worsened for packet classifiers since typically a classifier rule includes port range fields that need multiple TCAM entries per rule for representation in the TCAM. This is called range expansion. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 2

3. Introduction PC-TRIO is an indexed TCAM architecture for packet classification. In addition to index TCAMs, PC-TRIO uses wide SRAM words. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 3

4. Indexed TCAM National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 4

5. 5 Indexed TCAM

6. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 6 set:{ 13 }{ 13, 22 }

7. Indexed TCAM National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 7

8. Indexed TCAM National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 8

9. Indexed TCAM National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 9

10. Overcoming These Problems National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 10 If we have a set of independent rules, then both the problems described above are solved. So a TCAM storing only independent rules does not need a priority encoder.

11. PC-TRIO National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 11

12. PC-TRIO National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 12 Given a classifier, the first step in PC-TRIO is to partition the rule set to eliminate overlap among the rules. In particular, PC-TRIO partitions the rule set into three subsets, out of which two subsets contain non-overlapping or independent rules and the third subset contains the remaining rules. The second step in PC-TRIO is to store the three subsets of rules in the TCAM architecture

13. PC-TRIO National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 13 The first step is to create a priority graph and multi- dimensional tries for the rules in the classifier.

14. priority graph National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 14

15. priority graph National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 15

16. Multi-dimensional trie National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 16

17. Multi-dimensional trie Leaves of leaves set National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 17

18. partition the rule set Thus, we construct two multi-dimensional tries for PCTRIO. A multi-dimensional trie, Trie1, is three- dimensional. The fields appear in the following order in the trie:. Trie1 using the two step process that includes identifying the leaves of leaves set and building a priority graph. All the remaining rules are used to create another multi- dimensional trie, Trie2, in which fields in a filter rule appear in the order. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 18

19. Storing Rules in TCAMs National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 19

20. Storing Rules in TCAMs National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 20

21. Storing Rules in TCAMs National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 21

22. wide SRAM word Once the rules to be stored in LTCAM1 are identified, subtries of the multi-dimensional trie are carved and rules in the protocol nodes in a subtrie are stored in a LSRAM1 word. The width of the SRAM word is 500 bits. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 22

23. Creating LTCAM1 entries A trie is carved into subtries to assign rules to the wide SRAM words. Before carving takes place, we calculate the number of SRAM bits needed to store the rules in Trie1. Whenever a subtrie is found that requires SRAM bits less than or equal to the size of an SRAM word, that subtrie is a potential candidate for carving. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 23

24. Partial port range expansion It is possible that the SRAM bits needed to store the classifier rules for LTCAM1 on a protocol node exceeds the capacity of a wide SRAM word. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 24

25. Storing Rules in TCAMs National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 25

26. Updates National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 26

27. Differences among the architectures National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 27

28. Experimental results National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 28

29. Experimental results National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 29

30. Experimental results National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 30

31. Experimental results National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 31