1. English II—February 4, 2015 Bell work: Have you ever visited a new place? How did it make you feel? Was it what you expected? Homework: – Study Island homework (Subject-Verb Agreement) due Friday. – Study for Lesson #2 Vocabulary Quiz on Friday

2. English II—Lesson 3 Vocabulary A base word carries the meaning of a word. For example, the words restart and startle share the base word start. A root, unlike a base word, cannot stand alone. For example, the words predict and dictator share the Latin root dict, which means “say”. dispassionate—adj. not influenced by strong emotion, and so able to be rational and impartial infamous—adj. well known for some bad quality or deed systematic—adj. done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical disposition—n. a person’s inherent qualities of mind and character retort—v. say something in answer to a remark or accusation, typically in a sharp, angry, or wittily incisive manner

3. English II—Lesson 3 Vocabulary torsion—n. the act of twisting or the state of being twisted, especially of one end of an object relative to another regress—v. to return to a former or less developed state protracted—adj. lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual traction—n. the grip of a tire on a road or a wheel on a rail digression—n. a temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing

4. EVERY VERB MUST AGREE WITH ITS SUBJECT Singular Subject Plural Verb Plural Subject Singular Verb

5. Subject-Verb Agreement: Linking Verbs A predicate nominative that is different in number from the subject can be confusing. Only the subject affects the linking verb. The predicate nominative is the noun following a linking verb that restates or stands for the subject. – Typically, a predicate nominative has the same value or grammatical weight as the subject.

6. The Stupidity of English Grammar To make a noun plural, we add –s – Singular: girl – Plural: girls To make a verb plural, we take away the –s. – Singular: he talks – Plural: they talk

7. Watch the Verb Endings! Singular I walk You walk He/She/It walk s – Joe walk s – The girl walk s Plural We walk You walk They walk – Joe and Maria walk – The girls walk

8. Remember the 3 irregular verbs: DO SingularPlural – He doesThey do HAVE – She has They have BE – He is They are – She wasThey were

9. Tip for Subject/verb Agreement Generally, if the subject doesn’t end in –S, the verb will. If the subject does end in –S, the verb won’t.

10. The girl dances. No –S on subject -S on verb

11. The girls dance. -S on subject No –S on verb

12. Compound subjects joined by “and” If there are two or more subjects joined by and, the subject must be plural, so the verb will not get an “s”. Example The boy and the girl dance. (= They dance.) No –S on verb

13. Compound subjects joined by “or” If there are two or more subjects joined by or, the verb agrees with the part of the subject closest to it. Examples: The professor or the students walk the halls. The students or the professor walks the halls.

14. Watch out for “Everybody” Everybody loves grammar! Everybody understands subject/verb agreement.

15. Possible Pitfalls Sometimes, several words come between the subject and the verb. The student, though she had lots of problems in other schools, finds/find (?) her new class easy. The student, though she had lots of problems in other schools, finds her new class easy. The student finds her new class easy.

16. Prepositional phrases The subject can never be part of a prepositional phrase. Example The students in my class study / studies hard. X

17. Possible Pitfalls Sometimes, the subject will come after the verb, in questions or when sentence begins with there. Examples – Why is he falling asleep? – Why are they falling asleep? – There is no excuse for such behavior. – There are no excuses for such behavior.

18. Possible Pitfalls Relative Pronouns (who/which/that) can be either singular or plural, depending on the word they refer to. – The student who works hard will succeed. – The students who work hard will succeed.

19. How do I get this right? – Identify the verb. Ask who or what is doing it. – This will identify the subject. – Say them together and make sure that they match in terms of number.

20. The subject and verb are the skeleton of every sentence. Make sure you fit those two important parts together correctly!

21. EA2: Writing a Synthesis Paper Synthesis: the act of combining ideas from different sources to create, express, or support a new idea. p. 86 Scoring Guide State a strong and clear claim that takes a specific position. Develop the argument effectively by integrating relevant evidence from a variety of texts and personal insights. Use effective organization that establishes clear relationships among claims, counterclaims, reason and evidence. Introduce ideas smoothly, develop claims and counterclaims fairly, and provide a satisfying conclusion. Use appropriate and varied transitions. Use diction and syntax that convey formal, authoritative voice. Correctly embed and punctuate parenthetical citations. Demonstrate correct spelling and excellent command of standard English conventions.

22. Five Parts to Every Writing Prompt 1. Subject: What is the subject you need to write about? 2. Speaker: Who is writing the answer? 3. Type of Essay: What type of response are you writing? 4. Task: What is the prompt asking you to do? 5. Hints: Does the prompt give you suggestions to get started?