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Published byPaulina Freeman Modified over 8 years ago
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THE CONSTITUTION When? 1787 Where ? Philadelphia Who? 55 “greatest collection of minds is all of US History”
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Early attempts to Revise AOC Alexandria Conference 1785 – meeting to discuss commerce on a national level Annapolis Conference 1786- states appointed delegates – only 5 showed up- strong discussion that the AOC had to be revised - Hamilton invited states to send delegates to national convention in Philadelphia
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Purpose?? Strengthen the A of C
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Every state sent reps except…
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Rhode Island !!
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Intent of Framers of Constitution Several Theories: a) Framers did what was necessary to deal with problems plaguing US under AOC b) Framers had their own self- interests- economic at heart= wanted a govt. that would stimulate trade and prevent “mob rule”
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General Goals Prevent a tyranny of the majority Prevent a tyranny of the minority Create a govt. that could create economic conditions for long term and short term economic development Formulate and create an effective foreign policy
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Conflicts Bankers vs. debtors Northern vs. Southern economic interests Supporters of a strong central government – Federalists ( coastal and urban areas, merchants, financiers, planters- not all upper class Who? Washington, Hamilton, Madison and Franklin Supporters of individual and states’ rights – Anti- Federalists- mainly backcountry areas, debtors, people philosophically against a strong central government- we need a Bill of Rights – God? “federal stronghold” Who? John Hancock, Patrick Henry and George Mason
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What about representation? a) Virginia Plan - lower house of Congress elected by the people - lower house would elect members of an upper house - both houses would elect a chief executive/ President – who could serve one term - a judiciary would be established
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The Virginia Plan gave more power to the central ( federal) govt. and kept some ideas of AOC
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The New Jersey Plan - Put forward by the smaller states - One house legislature ( unicameral) - Each state receives one vote - A chief executive with no veto power
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Slave states ( who wanted to include slaves in any population count) versus non- slaves states – who did not want slaves counted
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Commerce Compromise The South agreed to let federal ( central govt) control over foreign and interstate trade The importation of slaves would be permitted until 1808
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The Great Compromise A state’s representation in the House of Representatives was based on population The state’s representation in the Senate would be equal- two each state All money bills would originate in the House
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The Three- fifths Compromise Three fifths of a state’s slave population would be counted for purposes of representation and taxes A Fugitive Slave Law required that runaway slaves who escaped to free states must be returned to their owners
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ANOTHER COMPROMISE
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ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT President elected “ indirectly” By the Electoral College - Popular vote winner in each state would “take all the electoral votes” for that state - -electoral votes are based on the number of members in Congress per each state - 270 is majority ( today) - If no candidate has majority- House of Rep chooses – one vote per state ( just twice)
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Power of the chief executive /President Power of the President Checked by elections every 4 years Possible impeachment Congress can override presidential veto
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AND BY 1788 NINE OF 13 HAD RATIFIED 1789 WASHINGTON=elected unanimously THE CONSTITUTION IS THE WORLD’S OLDEST LIVING WRITTEN CONSTITUTION LIVING? What does “ living” mean?
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