1. Cells, Cells, Cells Active Transport and Passive Transport

2.  Active transport is the movement of solutes and molecules across the cell membrane WITH the use of energy (ATP – adenosine tri-phosphate) by the molecule Active Transport

3.  There are different types of active transport that occurs in cells:  Endocytosis – the process of taking material INTO the cell by means of in- foldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane Active Transport

4.  Exocytosis – is the process of releasing material from the cell by means of small vesicles (bubble-like membranous structure) Active Transport

6.  Passive transport is the movement of solutes and molecules across the cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy (ATP – adenosine tri- phosphate) by the molecule Passive Transport Also includes facilitated diffusion of larger molecules through a protein channel

7.  Diffusion – the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration Passive Transport Shows the random movement of small molecules down (with) the concentration gradient until molecules are evenly dispersed (in equilibrium) Examples of small molecules: carbon dioxide, oxygen, small non-polar molecules

8.  Facilitated diffusion – the movement of substances with their concentration gradient (high to low concentration) through protein channels in the cell membrane Passive Transport

9.  Osmosis – the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Passive Transport

10.  a. Water moves from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions Passive Transport

11.  b. Water moves in equilibrium (equal amounts) in both directions across a membrane with isotonic solutions Passive Transport  Factors that affect the movement of substances by passive transport include: temperature; size of the molecule; whether molecule is a solid, liquid, or gas; and concentration amount