1. Diffusion

2. Def: the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. No cellular energy is involved (this is called PASSIVE) What does passive mean?

3. Concentration Gradient Def: A gradual change in the amount of a specific chemical or molecule from one place to another. Example: You would notice a concentration gradient as you walked away from the source of an odor – the smell would GRADUALLY become weaker.

4. A concentration gradient on a graph looks like a hill. The top of the hill is closest to the source. Think: molecules flow from the top of the hill down… (source) Highest concentration of molecules – close to source Lowest concentration of molecules – farthest from source Amount of molecules Distance from source

5. Kinetic Energy of Particles causes diffusion. Molecules are always moving due to heat energy unless they are at absolute zero This allows the molecules to move away from the source and down the concentration gradient.

6. Brownian Motion Brownian Motion is a result of kinetic energy inside all particles and the name for the random motion of the particles that allows diffusion. Brownian Motion Very tiny particles in a liquid, when highly magnified, appear to dance around Vibrating at random Caused by the impact of molecules (so small you can’t see them) bumping randomly on all sides.

7. Brownian Motion The first recorded observation was made in 1785 by Jan Ingenhauz using charcoal dust. [Ref: Nature, 7 June 2001 p 641] Brown observed the movement in living particles, decided to try several other nonliving substances to be sure there was no 'life force‘ “discovered” that the motion is a property of all microscopic matter. Because of his 'systematic investigation' Brown wins the accolade of having the jittering motion named after him.

8. How Diffusion Works - Animation Write several bullet points about what happens in the animation. You should accompany those notes with pictures. Watch and listen to it one time through, then play it again and take notes.

9. Dynamic Equilibrium Molecules will continue to move in the direction of lowest concentration until concentrations are equal. Once concentrations are equal, molecules continue to move but they move equally in all directions. This is called dynamic equilibrium.

10. Diffusion to Dynamic Equilibrium

11. In Dynamic Equilibrium Molecules will continue to move back and forth but in equal amounts This happens in cells because Cell membrane usually controls movement of materials into and out of cell. But, pores in membrane allow small molecules (water, salts, & gases) to pass through.

12. Example: O 2 Ex:many cells need O 2 which is carried by the bloodstream and is small enough to fit through pores. 50% O 2 bloodstream