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Published byLogan Beasley Modified over 9 years ago
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Depersonalization - Derealization Disorder Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder Depersonalization - Derealization Disorder Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Normal Dissociation Normal Dissociation Amnesia Fugue Partial DID Partial DID Complex DID Complex DID Poly-Fragmented DID Poly-Fragmented DID
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Primary Features – Depersonalization – Derealization Primary Features – Depersonalization – Derealization Impairs Functioning Causes Significant Distress Runs a Chronic Course Impairs Functioning Causes Significant Distress Runs a Chronic Course Clinical Description
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Localized or Selective – Failure to Recall Specific Events – more common form Localized or Selective – Failure to Recall Specific Events – more common form Generalized – Unable to Remember Anything Generalized – Unable to Remember Anything
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Clinical Description Go to Another Location – Unaware “How They Arrived” Go to Another Location – Unaware “How They Arrived” Memory Loss – Specific Incident Memory Loss – Specific Incident May Assume New Identity; partial disintegration of identity May Assume New Identity; partial disintegration of identity Fugue Usually Ends Abruptly
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Clinical Description Differs Across Cultures – Sudden Changes in Personality often attributed to Possession by Spirit – may not be abnormal Differs Across Cultures – Sudden Changes in Personality often attributed to Possession by Spirit – may not be abnormal Often Related to Trauma Females > Males Often Related to Trauma Females > Males
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Clinical Description Formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder Formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder Person’s Identity is Dissociated May Adopt 100 Identities – “Alters” – The Nature of Alters May Adopt 100 Identities – “Alters” – The Nature of Alters
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Central Features Host Identity – One Who Asks for Treatment – Attempt to Hold Alters Together Host Identity – One Who Asks for Treatment – Attempt to Hold Alters Together A Switch – Abrupt Change in Personalities – Usually Instantaneous A Switch – Abrupt Change in Personalities – Usually Instantaneous
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Facts and Statistics Average Number of Alters? – 15 Average Number of Alters? – 15 Females > Males (9:1) Onset in Childhood – Linked to Extreme Abuse Onset in Childhood – Linked to Extreme Abuse Runs a Chronic Course
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Causes Unspeakable Childhood Abuse – 97% of Cases – Escape Into Fantasy World – Become Someone Else – Do What It Takes to Survive Unspeakable Childhood Abuse – 97% of Cases – Escape Into Fantasy World – Become Someone Else – Do What It Takes to Survive DID as a Means of Coping?
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Other Related Features Suggestibility Hypnotizability – Similar to Dissociation Suggestibility Hypnotizability – Similar to Dissociation Are These Related to DID?
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Abuse: Controversial Issues False vs. Real Memories Do Therapists Plant Memories? Can False Memories be Created? – Elizabeth Loftus – associative memory illusion False vs. Real Memories Do Therapists Plant Memories? Can False Memories be Created? – Elizabeth Loftus – associative memory illusion
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Treatment Dissociative Amnesia & Fugue – Usually Improve on Their Own – Stress Reduction and Coping Dissociative Amnesia & Fugue – Usually Improve on Their Own – Stress Reduction and Coping Dissociative Identity Disoder – No Controlled Research – Treatments are Similar to PTSD Dissociative Identity Disoder – No Controlled Research – Treatments are Similar to PTSD
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