1. The Beginning of American Literature As We Know It

2.  This word defines a movement that flourished in the art world in 19 th Century Europe and America  Romantic writers glorified nature and celebrated individuality  They treated subjects in an emotional rather than a rational manner and were often intuitive rather than analytic

3.  After living under the strict rules of Puritanism many people started to doubt the way they were living and questioned the ideas behind their lives  In America, the population exploded and people wanted to find a new way to define the new country

4. WASHINGTON IRVING The first American author to receive worldwide recognition He set an example for humorous writing, wrote some of the first literary short stories, and influenced many other writers Famous Stories: “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

5. HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW The first popular American poet He was part of romantic writers called the Fireside Poets- much of his work was written to be read by a fireplace His poems were often uplifting and sentimental

6.  This word defines a philosophy that was an American offshoot of German romanticism  It was based on a belief that “transcendent forms” of truth exist beyond reason and experience.  Non-conformity, confidence, self-reliance, free thought and nature were major themes in their writing

7.  Would the American revolution have happened if people had not be non- conformative?  Confident?  Think for themselves?  Be self-reliant?  Do I need to explain more?  These writers couldn’t forget!

8. Ralph Waldo Emerson One of America’s Best Thinkers and Writers- EVER! Entered Harvard College- AT 14! Formed the “Transcendental Club” with friends He had a distinct poetic style and his writing was very elegant He spent a lot of his life lecturing his ideas to people

9. Henry David Thoreau Member of the “Transcendental Club” with Emerson, who was his mentor and close friend Careful observer and deep thinker Tried to live by his values and not society’s values Spent time in jail for not paying a ticket- therefore, he was one of the first in nonviolent acts of political resistance in government protest He loved the outdoors, solitude, and much of his work is nature based

10. GREAT EMERSON QUOTES The only way to have a friend is to be one. Hitch your wagon to a star. What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. Make yourself necessary to someone. A great man is always willing to be little. All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make the better. Always do what you are afraid to do. As long as a man stands in his own way, everything seems to be in his way. As soon as there is life there is danger. Beauty without expression is boring. Children are all foreigners. Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail. Earth laughs in flowers.

11. GREAT THOREAU QUOTES An early-morning walk is a blessing for the whole day. Any fool can make a rule, and any fool will mind it. As you simplify your life, the laws of the universe will be simpler; solitude will not be solitude, poverty will not be poverty, nor weakness weakness. Be not simply good - be good for something Be true to your work, your word, and your friend. Books are the treasured wealth of the world and the fit inheritance of generations and nations. Distrust any enterprise that requires new clothes. Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined. If misery loves company, misery has company enough. It is never too late to give up our prejudices. Live the life you've dreamed.

12. Walt Whitman Whitman was a true American icon- he had experienced a lot of different things in his life and was a revolutionary in American poetry His poems touched on all aspects of life- from the unique, the commonplace, the beautiful, and the ugly. He wrote about both city and country life. His book of poems called Leaves of Grass was controversial because they included a lot of sexual imagery and many critics called them “barbaric”

14.  WORDS AND PHRASES THAT APPEAL TO THE FIVE SENSES THAT HELP THE READER IMAGINE EXACTLY WHAT THE LITERARY WORK IS TRYING TO CONVEY TO HIM/HER  THE MAJORITY OF IMAGES ARE VISUAL IN ORDER FOR THE READER TO BUILD PICTURES IN HIS/HER MIND

15.  BRIEF STATEMENT, USUALLY ONE SENTENCE LONG, THAT EXPRESSES A GENERAL PRINCIPLE OR TRUTH ABOUT LIFE (see quotes in earlier slides)  “Honesty is the best policy”- Ben Franklin

16.  Statement that seems to contradict itself but makes sense when thought through This statement is false.

17.  Free Verse: Poetry that lacks meter and rhyme schemes, in other words it is free  Catalog: Frequent lists of people, things, and attributes in poetry  Repetition: Repeating words at the beginning of two or more lines  Parallelism: Related ideas phrased in similar ways