1. Strict rules separating military service and political leadership
Which of the following political practices remained continuous from the period of the Republic into the period of the Roman Empire?
Strict rules separating military service and political leadership
Dominant involvement of the plebian classes in state affairs
Imperial military assistance for slave uprisings
Recruitment of local elites in recently conquered areas to represent the interests of the imperial center
D: this practice never changed, A was discontinued and B and C never happened in any way that survives in the historical records

2. Today: 9/23 & 9/24
Practice Question
Reading Quiz
Lecture
Hand out discussion question for next class
Objective:
You will understand the extent of how Greece and Roman political traditions relates to the rest of the known world (Theme 3 & 4)

3. Classical Civilizations: The Mediterranean
Chapter 4
Classical Civilizations: The Mediterranean

4. What to do about Persia???

5. Persians What do you already know about Persia??? Religion: Social:
Zoroastrianism:
Good vs. Evil
Monotheistic
Social:
Women worked in manufacturing
Slaves
Political:
Founded by Cyrus the Great and continued by Darius I
complex civilization
Economic:
Coined Money
Traded from Greece all the way to India

7. Sassanid Empire Rises to take the place for the fallen Persian Empire
You will see the Sassanid Empire referenced later on

8. Greece
Began around 800 BCE

9. Greece City-States (polis): offered safety and wealth
Politics
No political unification
Most used aristocratic assemblies
Guidelines for state policy
Some had aristocratic leaders  Pericles
Athens: Direct Democracy
What is the difference between a Direct Democracy and an Indirect Democracy???

10. Famous Philosophers
Socrates: one of the founders of Western Philosophy, virtue, justice, and piety. Question
Plato: student of Socrates, Teacher of Alexander the Great, founded the first higher learning institution in the western world. Understand true, good and beauty. The Republic
Aristotle: student of Plato, wrote about many subjects such as politics, logic, music, biology, ethics etc.

11. Alexander
Defeated the Persians and gain control of much of the known world
Wanted to spread Greek culture throughout: Hellenism
After his death, the empire was unable to hold together and was split between three strong military generals

12. Expansion of the Roman Republic

13. Roman Republic Indirect Democracy
Consuls
Senate (patricians)
Tribunes (plebeians)
Twelve Tables: created a standardized system of laws and established rights for defendants
When defeating others in battle: assimilated conquered people
Meant that many forms of political institutions

14. Roman empire Augustus: First Emperor
NOT a dynasty: succession often depended upon military strength
Kept the Senate but it was basically useless.
Roman law- Rules became more objective
Laws as a regulator of social life

15. The Fall of Rome 476 CE Rome will grow weak
secession of weak leaders
Army lacked a feeling of patriotism
Too far away
Mercenaries
The empire will split into east and west
Eastern Rome became the Byzantine Empire and was able to survive the fall
Western Rome would be overrun by invading nomadic tribes and will not survive
This will signify the end of the classical Mediterranean society.

17. Politics of Greece and Rome
This is the beginning of much of the Political thought from here on out
In G & R having the good life meant being involved in politics
Citizens felt the state was theirs
How is this different from what we have seen so far in China and India???
One of the keys is how it is held together
R & G Laws and patriotism held the empire together along with taxation and good administration
India  Religion
China  Confucianism

18. Economics of Greece and Rome
Merchants and trading were considered to be important
Slaves were agricultural and often treated badly. They usually were made up of conquered people
Estate Agriculture

19. Religion in Greece and Rome
Both were polytheistic
Gods used to explain nature and human action
Rome borrowed from the Greeks
Christianity is going to develop during the Roman Empire
Christians would not put the emperor before God
Didn’t create a Formal/Significant World Religion

20. Women Both: Patriarchal Societies
Sparta: women had more power than other places
Greece: Marriages were often arranged
Greece: during the Hellenistic period Women’s position improved somewhat
Rome: Women were not allowed to be citizens but were better off than in Greece or China
Rome: Upper class women were given power within the household

21. 5th C B.C.E. - Greek Golden Age - philosophers.
Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE BCE
Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE
5th C B.C.E. - Greek Golden Age - philosophers.
323 B.C.E. - Alexander the Great
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE BCE
Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220
32 C.E. - Beginnings of Christianity
180 C.E. - end of Pax Romana
 Interim period
333 - Roman capital moved to Constantinople
4th C - Beginning of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
476 - Fall of Rome
527 - Justinian rule of Byzantine Empire