1. Evolution of Virtual Communities  ARPA paper predicts emergence of virtual communities  First ‘cyber community’ made up of researchers at ARPANet 1969 1973 CBBS (the first BBS) email ARPANET 1988 IRC 1992 WWW Virtual reality and VRML 1998 - 99 1990 MOO 1995 Groupware, 3D immersive virtual world 1996 1968 ARPA paper predicts emergence of VC Communityware 1980 MUD 1978 1979 Usenet

2. Evolution of Virtual Communities  Asynchronous, text-based communications : Email, BBS, Usenet  CBBS (Computerized Bulletin Board System)  electronic message-posting and file sharing network  the primary kind of online community through the 1980s and early 1990s  Usenet  collection of user-submitted notes or messages on various subjects  Form communities by subjects.  Request netiquette. FAQ’s are provided. 1969 1973 CBBS (the first BBS) email ARPANET 1988 IRC 1992 WWW Virtual reality and VRML 1998 - 99 1990 MOO 1995 Groupware, 3D immersive virtual world 1996 1968 ARPA paper predicts emergence of VC Communityware 1980 MUD 1978 1979 Usenet

3. Evolution of Virtual Communities  Synchronous, text-based communications (real time) : MUD, IRC, MOO  MUD / MOO  ongoing adventure games, educational or social  Computerized “Avatar”  some new MUDs use virtual reality settings  IRC (Internet Relay Chat) 1969 1973 CBBS (the first BBS) email ARPANET 1988 IRC 1992 WWW Virtual reality and VRML 1998 - 99 1990 MOO 1995 Groupware, 3D immersive virtual world 1996 1968 ARPA paper predicts emergence of VC Communityware 1980 MUD 1978 1979 Usenet

4. Evolution of Virtual Communities  WWW  utilize most CMC technologies 1969 1973 CBBS (the first BBS) email ARPANET 1988 IRC 1992 WWW Virtual reality and VRML 1998 - 99 1990 MOO 1995 Groupware, 3D immersive virtual world 1996 1968 ARPA paper predicts emergence of VC Communityware 1980 MUD 1978 1979 Usenet