1. Weathering, Erosion & Deposition ESS 2015-16

2. Weathering The breaking up of rock into smaller pieces

3. Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering breaks down bonds holding the rocks together, thus they fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces.

4. Chemical Weathering More common where there is a lot of water. Water is important to many of the chemical reactions that can take place. More common where temperatures are warmer.

5. Chemical Weathering Most common types of chemical weathering Oxidation Hydrolysis Dissolution Plant acid Hydration

6. Oxidation Rocks containing metals are combined with oxygen to form “rusts”. The areas in these rocks that are oxidized are weaker & thus more susceptible to physical weathering.

7. Hydrolysis A reaction with water in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water Affects silicate and carbonate minerals. Pure water ionizes & reacts with silicate minerals.

8. Hydrolysis Example Mg 2 SiO 4 + 4H + + 4OH - ⇌ 2Mg 2+ + 4OH - + H 4 SiO 4 Olivine (forsterite) + 4 ionized H 2 O molecules ⇌ ions in solution + silicic acid in solution Don’t need to write this

9. Dissolution Slightly acidic water dissolves rock. Carbonic acid Sulfuric Acid

10. Dissolution When carbonic acid is combined with a mineral like calcite (CaCO 3 ), calcium and bicarbonate ions are released and carried off by groundwater. CaCO 3 + H 2 CO 3  Ca +2 + 2 HCO -3 Don’t need to write this Marble & Limestone

11. Dissolution Sulfurous gas (volcanoes & factories) can dissolve in water to form sulfuric acid. Acid Rain SO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 4

12. Plant Acid Mosses and lichens produce weak acids that dissolve the minerals that hold rocks together.

13. Hydration H+ and OH- ions attach to the atoms & molecules of a mineral. Increases volume within rock, creates stress & breaks rock down

14. Rates of weathering Factors : Amount of surface area exposed to chemical weathering Type of mineral Climate Especially warm & wet