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Published byLucy Goodman Modified over 9 years ago
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The Spread of Protestantism (Late 1300s-Mid 1500s)
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Corruption in the Medieval Church Excommunication used to make kings obey the Church Illiterate priests Unchaste priests & nuns Lived lives of luxury Charged a fee to see holy relics Simony: sold Church positions to highest bidder Sold indulgences to forgive sins What forms of corruption existed within the Church during the Late Middle Ages?
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1. “Babylonian Captivity”: (1378-1417) French king argued with Pope regarding taxing clergy Pope Boniface kidnapped & replaced with a French pope who led from Avignon, France instead of Rome New Pope thought to be controlled by the king How was the power of the papacy weakened?
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2. The Great Schism: (1378-1417) Papacy moved back to Rome French cardinals elected Clement VII as “anti-”pope, other cardinals elected Urban VI as pope 2 popes = people didn’t know WHO to listen to
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Martin Luther & the Beginning of the Reformation Early calls for reform = charged with heresy & persecuted…until Martin Luther came along came from middle-class German parents studied law Catholic monk What was his early life like?
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Why did Luther question Church practices & teachings? Salvation by good works was WRONG…believed salvation was attained by faith alone Indulgences sold for forgiveness of sins was WRONG… believed one is only forgiven through God’s mercy
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How did his criticisms expand into an effort to form a new Church? 95 Theses = posted on door of church in Württemberg; got people talking about abuses Published books & pamphlets questioning Church teachings (printing press invented in 1440s by Gutenberg allowed for mass production of written works) New Church formed (Lutherans): Congregations chose their own minister (not appointed by pope/bishop) Worship of saints forbidden Mass in German, not Latin Clergy allowed to marry
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Why did his reforms create widespread revolt in Germany? Peasants believed everyone was equal in the eyes of God = revolt against lords Princes wanted freedom from the pope, seized Church lands Peace of Augsburg: Prince in each state could choose to be Catholic or Lutheran…subjects could move to state of their choice based on religious preference
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Reformation Spreads throughout Europe Political leaders looked to escape power of Catholic Church People tired of Church abuses Charismatic individuals questioned Church teachings & provided leadership Rising literacy rate & printing press allowed for rapid spread of ideas Why did Protestantism spread beyond Germany?
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What other groups separated from the Catholic Church & formed new religions? Anabaptists (1525): Ulrich Zwingli Shouldn’t be baptized until adulthood True Christians should form a separate community Anglicans (1534): Henry VIII Wanted a divorce (not allowed in Catholic Church) Made king the supreme religious authority of England Calvinists (1546): John Calvin Predestination (God pre-decided who would obtain salvation) Disciplined life would prove who had been chosen
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