1. Chapter 6 Section 3 Life Substances

2. Carbon in Organisms  Carbon has the ability to bond to itself and many other elements  Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds—pg. 157  Carbon can form straight chains, branched chains or rings

3.  The ability to bond many different ways makes many different carbon structures possible  Carbon compounds vary greatly in size  All compounds containing carbon are called ORGANCIC  Large organic comounds-- BIOMOLECULES

4. Polymers:  A POLYMER is a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together Ex: glucose and fructose  Polymers are often formed through condensation-removing a H to form

5. CARBOHYDRATE  A biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen w/a ratio of about 2 H and 1O for every carbon atom  Simplest type of carbohydrate is a MONOSACCHARIDE Ex: glucose, sucrose, fructose,

6. POLYSACCHARIDES:  These are the largest carbohydrate molecules  Composed of many monosaccharide subunits Ex: glycogen, cellulose PG. 159-photos

7. LIPIDS  Lipids are large biomolecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen w/small amounts of oxygen ex: fats, oils, waxes and steroids They are insoluble in water Imp. For proper organism function Explanation of SATURATED and UNSATURATED fats—pg 160

8. PROTEINS  A large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur  Essential to all life/provides structure for tissues and organs  Amino Acids—basic building blocks of all proteins  Proteins are bonded by PEPTIDE BONDS

9. More on Proteins  Proteins come in a variety of shapes and sizes  Some consist of 2 or more amino acid chains held together by hydrogen bonds  Proteins are the building blocks of many structural components of organisms

10. Proteins  Proteins are important in contracting muscle tissue, transporting oxygen in blood, providing immunity, regulating other proteins, etc.

11. ENZYMES  Proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction (speed up reactions)  Enzymes work in nearly all metabolic processes  Action of Enzymes—pg. 162