1. WHAT IS MATERIALISM? Materialism: –Only matter and its physical properties are real. Mind, thoughts, and the like, are simply manifestations of matter.

2. MATERIALISM AND IDEALISM -Materialism, ancient philosophical view (‘the Sun is a burning stone’) -Ancient Greek philosophers (V a.C.): Thales, arché is water Anaximenes, arché is air Empedocles, arché are the four elements (earth, air, water &fire) Anaximandro, arche is ‘apeiron’ Democritus, arché is ‘atoms’ -Materialism, generally speaking, is the metaphysical system supporting and historically supported by science -Is science, nowadays, materialist? Have a look at this: “¿Qué es real?” Investigación y Ciencia -But, What has materialism to say about ideas and mental phenomena?

3. MIND-BODY PROBLEM -Dualism: human body is a physical object inside which is a mental substance of a quite different sort -If so, how can 'communicate' these so different kind of things, matter and mind? MATERIALISM AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF -The clash between idealists and materialist. -Are the most recent scientific developments (relativity and quantum theory) softening the clash between them?

4. WHAT IS IDEALISM? Idealism: –Only spirit and their properties are real. Matter, colours, sounds, and the like, are simply manifestations of spirit.

5. BERKELEY'S SUBJECTIVE IDEALISM -Subjective idealim, Berkeley ESSE ES PERCIPII The world is a collection of minds and their ideas -Absolute idealism, Hegel Everything in the world is a part of one all-embracing universal mind. -Challenges for Berkeley's view -How to account for our ordinary belief in physical objects? -How to account for our knowledge of our own minds?