1. Lecture 8(2)

2. 1.Formation of Chingis khan’s empire. 2. The conquest by mongols of Semirechie and South Kazakhstan.

4. (1155/62-1227)

5. Temuchin was born in the family of the famous representative of the Mongol nobility — Yesygei- bahadur. He lost his father in the childhood and went through hard times in the youth. He managed to organize a group of confi­dent fellows and became famous as a brave man due to lucky campaigns: by the end of the XII century he became one of the powerful leaders in the Central Asian steppes.

7. 10 100 1000 10.000-t’ma

13. Chingis Khan also sent his ambassadors with the suggestions of peace. After the ambassadors the Mongols sent a trade caravan, which stopped in Otrar. The city governor – Gair Khan – suspected the merchants of spying, murdered them and captured their caravan. Infuriated Chingis Khan demanded to give him Gaiyr Khan. But Khorezmshah Mukhammad refused. Moreover, he ordered to kill the ambassadors, too.

14. The war of 1219 began with the surrounding Otrar. It lasted months. Kaiyr Khan knew that he would not be let free and so defeated himself desperately. But the Mongols learned how to seize, cities by that time. The treachery of the gates at night he surrendered to fight. Only 5 month later the Mongols took the fortress. Everybody was killed, the citadel was ruined. Gair Khan was murdered, Otrar fell. After it the Mongols began to control the whole Kazakhstan territory and Middle Asia.

15. 1)Kypchaks (territory Desht and Kypchak- all territory of central Kazakhstan) 2)Tribes of Naymans 3)State of Khorezm Shakh (modern territory Uzbekistan, Iran and Nothern Afghanistan)

16. Army have very strong discipline Attacks were unexpected and decisive Chingis khan used experience of other conquering people In army scouting was well developed Chingis khan established on ruling positions talent, intelligent, brave, decisive people in spite of their simple origin and poor