2. Vegetated dune, Kanaha, Maui. Naupaka shrub and 'aki'aki and pohuehue (with purple flowers) ground cover at center, 'aki'aki (sparse ground cover) in background.

3. Close up of 'aki'aki. Photo from JOHNSTONE, 1997. Close up of 'akulikuli. Photo from JOHNSTONE, 1997. Close up of pohuehue, Honokahua, Maui Common name: beach morning glory

5. 1.An abundant supply of loose sand in a region devoid of vegetation 2.A wind energy source sufficient to move sand grains 3.A topography whereby sand particles lose their momentum and settle out

6. Composition of Beach sand in Hawaii: Coral Shells Sponge spicules Calcareous algae Volcanic particles

7. Black Sand Beach Big Island

8. Green Sand Beach Big Island

9. Red Sand Beach Maui

10. 0.01 mybp 1.6 mybp

15. Sea-Level Rise Wave/Current Action Coastal Erosion Sediment Deficiencies Sand mining Dune grading Sand impounding (behind shoreline structures) Water quality degradation Harbor/navigational channel construction

17. Lanikai

19. Reasons to Protect Hawaii's Beaches Multi-billion dollar visitor economy They are critical in flood and erosion prevention They are a part of Hawaii's culture and heritage. Beaches and dunes are important elements of our shoreline environment and are critical to the health of the coastal marine ecosystem.