1. Community Interactions
BioH – Chapter 40

2. Basic Ecology Terminology
Habitat
Community
Niche
Interactions
The physical, chemical and biotic features of where an organism is typically found
All species within a habitat that interact with each other – influenced by:
Abiotic conditions
Resource availability
Adaptive traits of organisms
Species to species interaction
Population size
The sum of all activities & relationships an organism engages in as it interact in the community.(The “role” that an organism plays)
Relationships between communities within habitat
Symbiotic - “living together”
Harmful relationships

3. Community Interactions
Complete the Community Interactions Video Questionnaire!

4. Community Interactions
Description
Organism A
Organism B
Example
Predation +
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Most species have a neutral role with other species. See text for many examples of all interations.
Most relationships are NEUTRAL (no effect on either species)

5. Just an example of symbiosis/mutualism

6. An example of symbiosis/mutualism

7. An example of symbiosis/mutualism

8. An example of symbiosis/mutualism

9. An example of symbiosis/mutualism?

10. An example of symbiosis/mutualism

11. Community Interaction Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
Camouflage
Warning coloration
Mimicry
Moment-of-truth defenses

12. Ecological Succession
Primary succession means that there is no soil to begin with. Secondary succession means that an existing ecosystem has been damaged by and is “rebuilding”
Primary succession = succession where no soil exists
Pioneer species = the first living organisms to populate an area
Secondary succession = succession to existing ecosystem after natural disaster

13. Mt. St. Helens Before eruption – May 17, 1980
After eruption – May 18, 1980
Today

14. Other succession examples
Tuolumne Meadows - Yosemite

15. Climax Communities Land Biomes
Climax communities = “end result” of succession. If tis remains somewhat stable, then = Biomes = land communities that are found in large areas where climate, soil, plants & animals remain somewhat stable. Biomes each have their own unique microclimates and plant & animal populations.
Land Biomes
Complete the Climax Communities Video Worksheet

16. Climate Diagrams
Climate diagrams show the rainfall and temperature changes during the year for a specific microclimate area. These can be used to compare different biomes around the world to help understand WHY certain organisms are found in certain areas.

17. World-wide land biome climate maps

18. Other Biomes Aquatic Biomes Mountain ranges Polar ice caps
(Greenland)
Aquatic Biomes
Freshwater Ecosystems
Flowing water
Standing water
Freshwater wetland
Estuary
Marine ecosystems
Photic
Aphotic
Intertidal
Coastal
Open ocean
Just know that there are many ecosystems that have been identified on the planet

19. Primary Productivity A measure of energy produced per area
Primary productivity can also be a measure of the MASS of organic material produced per year in an area.

20. Comparison of biomes. Just for interest – do not memorize