1. Ideologies of the Major Parties How Different are the Major Parties’ Ideologies?

2. Party Policy & Political Principle POLITICAL VISION 2 The Parties predominant views on Political Vision? Liberal Not the role of government to dictate people’s lives. Policy should enable people as much freedom to determine their own lives as possible Free Market Economic policies are favoured A Labor Government has responsibility to pursue policies that improve people’s lives. Economy needs to to regulated to prevent great inequality and unfair outcomes B BUT Differences within both parties about this fundamental issue Each parties have FACTIONS that incorporate views of their opponents C

3. Party Policy & Political Principle PARTY DIFFERENTIATION 3 Growing Perception of Party convergence Liberal Party acceptance of Eg. LaborParty acceptance of free-market private sector market regulation state welfare A

4. Party Ideological Positions (1946-1990) Budge Klingeman 4 Left Centre Right 1946 1951 1955 1961 1966 1972 1975 1980 1984 1990

5. Party Ideological Position Policy Manifesto Analysis (1993-2001) Party Policy Speeches 1993-2001 5 1993 1996 1998 2001 Left Centre Right

6. Parties’ ECONOMIC Ideological Position Policy Manifesto Analysis (1993-2001) Parties’ ECONOMIC Ideological Position Policy Manifesto Analysis (1993-2001) Party Policy Speeches 1993-2001 6 1993 1996 1998 2001 Left Centre Right

7. Parties’ vs Voters’ Ideological Position Manifesto Analysis & Survey Responses (1993-2001) Parties’ vs Voters’ Economic Ideological Position Manifesto Analysis & Survey Responses (1993-2001) Party Policy Speeches 1993-2001 Australian Election Studies 1993-2001 7 1993 1996 1998 2001 Left Centre Right Median Labour Voter Labor Party

8. Parties’ vs Voters’ Ideological Position Manifesto Analysis & Survey Responses (1993-2001) Parties’ vs Voters’ Economic Ideological Position Manifesto Analysis & Survey Responses (1993-2001) Party Policy Speeches 1993-2001 Australian Election Studies 1993-2001 8 1993 1996 1998 2001 Left Centre Right Median Liberal Voter Liberal Party

9. Parties’ vs Voters’ Ideological Position Manifesto Analysis & Survey Responses (1993-2001) Parties’ vs Voters’ Economic Ideological Position Manifesto Analysis & Survey Responses (1993-2001) Party Policy Speeches 1993-2001 Australian Election Studies 1993-2001 9 1993 1996 1998 2001 Left Centre Right Median Voter Liberal Party Labor Party

10. 10 Party Policy & Political Principle The parties have a history of convergence and divergence Interim Observations Party DIFFERENTIATION Labor is economically right of centre, and close to the Liberals There is no relationship between party difference and electoral success