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Computer Applications Mrs. Stern
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1.The Vacuum Tube Years 2.The Era of the Transistor 3.Transistors on a Chip
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Computers were: Huge Slow Expensive Often undependable ENIAC was built in 1946 18,000 vacuum tubes Took up a lot of space Gave off a lot of heat Cooled down by a gigantic air conditioner & still overheated regularly
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Transistor was like the vacuum tube only better: Faster More reliable Much smaller Cheaper to build Gave off virtually no heat 1 transistor replaced 40 vacuum tubes
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Transistor Radio 1964 Transistor Beads Stem
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With the invention of Integrated Circuits or Microchip, thousands of transistors fit into one microchip The number of transistors that fit onto a chip doubled every two years Today: Millions per microchip
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Carry out instructions in billionths of a second Are sometimes the size of a watch Since electricity travels 1 foot in a billionth second The smaller the distance the faster the speed
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A combination of: Hardware & Software
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Hardware – the tangible, physical equipment that can be seen and touched Keyboard Monitor Printer Computer chips
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Software – the intangible instructions that tell the computer what to do PowerPoint Windows XP Sims City Oregon Trail Programmers – write the instructions that tell the computer what to do
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They perform FOUR basic functions: 1. Store data and programs 2. Function unattended due to its ability to interpret and follow instructions it is provided 3. Do arithmetic calculations 4. Perform logical comparisons
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It only has FOUR basic functions Its tremendous speed Its accuracy Its ability to store vast volumes of data
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In the computers memory: 1. Internal memory (ex. microchips) RAM (random-access memory) This is temporary & can be erased. (ie: Microsoft Office Xp, Internet Explorer) ROM (read-only memory) - This is permanent & can not be changed or erased. 2. External memory (ex. DVD’s & hard drives)
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Input device: hardware that permits the computer to accept data o Keyboard o A mouse o Bar-code scanner o Light pen o Touch display screen o Speech recognition device
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Hardware which reports the information in a form we can understand monitor printer robots sound or music speakers
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Is the computer chip that receives & carries out the instructions from the software All computers big & small have processors also known as Central Processing Units or CPUs Referred to as brains of the computer
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Receives & temporarily stores instructions & data to be processed Moves & changes stored data Arithmetic calculations Makes decisions of logic (ex: determines if two numbers are equal)
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They hold data outside the memory of the computer. They connect to the computer & are under the control of the processor at all times Most common: USB Flash Drive External hard drives CD/DVD
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BrainPop - Binary http://www.brainpop.com/
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Memory is measured in bytes 8 bits = 1 byte1000 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB) 1000 kilobytes = 1 megabyte (MB)1000 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (GB)1000 gigabytes = 1 terabyte (TB)
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