1. Using the Wizard of Oz to teach the Populist Movement Walt Ellison Starr’s Mill High School Ellison.walt@fcboe.org Ellison & Gloer 2012 1

2. Walt Ellison – ellison.walt@fcboe.org 19 th year (10 th year in Special Ed) Have collaboratively taught with Jon Gloer for 8 of those 10 years. Why do this? – To reach more kids. – Test scores. Ellison & Gloer 2012 2

3. Standards SSUSH11 The student will describe the economic, social, and geographic impact of the growth of big business and technological innovations after Reconstruction. a. Explain the impact of the railroads on other industries, such as steel, and on the organization of big business. c. Identify John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company and the rise of trusts and monopolies Ellison & Gloer 2012 3

4. What is on the disk? Everything you see today. Student notes in PowerPoint. Student notes in Word. All video clips independent from the PowerPoint. Populism as a Parable article. Social Darwinism article. Test and Quiz. Ellison & Gloer 2012 4

5. 1865 - 1900 THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL AMERICA Ellison & Gloer 2012 5

6. The Gilded Age Gilded Age – – A phrase created by Mark Twain. – It means: Looks shiny or good on the outside, but is corrupt or dirty on the inside. Ellison & Gloer 2012 6

7. The Major Legislation The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 – – Said no company could under-sale the competition for the intent of creating a monopoly. Ellison & Gloer 2012 7

8. 1. Cornelius Vanderbilt  Known as “Commodore”  Quit school at age 11.  Ran a railroad.  Worth $400 million when he died.  Said, “Law! What law? I have power!” Ellison & Gloer 2012 8

9. 2. Andrew Carnegie  Also ran a railroad, but made his wealth in steel.  He mastered the Bessemer Procedure.  Was worth $750 million when he died.  Was a great philanthropist. Ellison & Gloer 2012 9

10. 3. J.P. Morgan  Bought the steel company from Carnegie.  He created U.S. Steel.  He controlled 10% of the nation’s wealth.  Worth $22 billion when he dies. Ellison & Gloer 2012 10

11. 4. John D. Rockefeller  Controlled 90% of the nation’s oil.  Created Standard Oil.  Gave lots of money away.  Was also a great philanthropist. Ellison & Gloer 2012 11

12. IDEAS OF THE 19 TH CENTURY A. Social Darwinism – “Survival of the Fittest” “Fittest business will survive.” B. Gospel of Wealth – Economically successful people have the responsibility to share their fortune with their community. Ellison & Gloer 2012 12

13. IDEAS OF THE 19 TH CENTURY C. How to succeed – (Horatio Alger) - An “Algerism” – Work hard, get an education, have a good attitude, be determined, and you will succeed. D. Materialism – The greatest things to be accumulated are materials – cars, jewels, homes, etc Ellison & Gloer 2012 13

14. Thomas Nast Famous editorial cartoonist in the 1800’s. Drew cartoons for a magazine called Harper’s Weekly. Ellison & Gloer 2012 14

15. Nast’s Career Ellison & Gloer 2012 15

16. Boss Tweed A crooked politician in New York City. Head of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine He stole millions of dollars (between $75 – $200 million) from the New York City government. Convicted and went to jail. Nast’s cartoon’s helped catch him. Ellison & Gloer 2012 16

17. 1. Who is depicted in the cartoon? 2. What is his head? 3. What does the cartoon represent? Ellison & Gloer 2012 17

18. 1. What is the man standing on? 2. Who do you think he is? 3. What is he holding in his hands? 4. What does the cartoon mean? Ellison & Gloer 2012 18

19. 1. Who is carrying the world? 2. What is drawn on the world? 3. What does it mean? Ellison & Gloer 2012 19

20. Ellison & Gloer 2012 20

21. Bosses of the Senate Questions 1. What is a trust? 2. Why are the trusts drawn so big? 3. How did these trusts conduct “business”? 4. Name at least 4 trusts in the picture. 5. What does the sign above the trusts claim about the Senate? 6. What 1890 law cut down on trusts? Ellison & Gloer 2012 21

22. Bosses of the Senate 1. A business or organization created for the purpose of setting up a monopoly. 2. Because they had gotten big, rich and expensive. 3. Kept prices high, Forced companies out of business by using unfair methods, often made good government difficult. 4. Standard Oil, Sugar, Steel, Nail, Copper, Coal, Iron, Tin, Salt, Paper Sacks. 5. A Senate of the Monopolists, by the Monopolists and for the Monopolists! 6. Sherman Antitrust Act Ellison & Gloer 2012 22

23. Who is the man pictured? What is he holding? What is going on in the background? What is the cartoon saying? Ellison & Gloer 2012 23

24. The Rise of Populism Populism – A movement in the late 1800’s that wanted reform for the farmers and workers. Ellison & Gloer 2012 24

25. The Populists Ellison & Gloer 2012 25

26. The Goals of Populism What did Populism want? 1. A personal income tax. 2. Direct election of our senators. 3. An 8 hour work day. 4. Immigration restriction. 5. The “Free Silver” movement or backing our currency with silver instead of gold – They were called “Silverites.” 6. One - 6 year term for President. Ellison & Gloer 2012 26

27. Populism’s Popularity Why was Populism popular? – There was a economic depression in 1893. – The depression specifically hurt the Eastern industrial workers. – The workers began to work together to earn more workers’ rights. Ellison & Gloer 2012 27

28. The Decline of Populism What ever happened to Populism? – The Democratic Party adopted many of their ideals. – Economy prosperity returned and many of the people forgot about the problems from 1893. Ellison & Gloer 2012 28

29. Leaders of Populism William Jennings Bryan – – Ran for President four times, but lost all of them. – Ran in 1896, 1900 and 1908 as a Democrat. – Lost in 1896 and 1900 to William McKinley. – Lost in 1908 to Howard Taft. – Called the “Great Commoner.” Ellison & Gloer 2012 29

30. William Jennings Bryan Ellison & Gloer 2012 30

31. The Populism Allegory An allegory is a story that uses animals and people to represent a concept or idea. Many scholars say that the Wizard of Oz is an allegory for Populism. Ellison & Gloer 2012 31

32. Scene 3 Ellison & Gloer 2012 32

33. The Wizard of Oz Published by L. Frank Baum in 1900. Becomes a movie in 1939. About a girl trying to get home from a strange Land called Oz. Gets the assistance from three companions who also seek help from the Wizard. Ellison & Gloer 2012 33

34. Scene 5 & 6 Ellison & Gloer 2012 34

35. Dorothy Dorothy represents every man or the people. She is from Kansas. She hopes the Wizard will show her way back home to Kansas. Ellison & Gloer 2012 35

36. The Scarecrow The Scarecrow represents farmers. He hopes the Wizard will give him a brain or knowledge. Many felt farmers were not intelligent and working hard for little gain. Ellison & Gloer 2012 36

37. Scene 21 & 22 Ellison & Gloer 2012 37

38. The Tin Man The Tin Man represents the industrial workers. He hopes the Wizard will give him a heart. Many saw the industrial workers as dehumanized from no work during the 1893 depression. The depression is represented by him being rusted when they find him. Ellison & Gloer 2012 38

39. Scene 25 & 26 Ellison & Gloer 2012 39

40. The Lion The Lion represents W.J. Bryan. He hopes to get courage from the Wizard. The Lion retreats into the forest to show Bryan’s defeats and demise from politics. Ellison & Gloer 2012 40

41. Scene 30 & 31 Ellison & Gloer 2012 41

42. The Wizard The Wizard is the President of the U.S., presumably Grover Cleveland. He was president from 1885 – 1889 and again from 1893 – 1897. Ellison & Gloer 2012 42

43. The Emerald City The Emerald City represents Washington, D.C., home of the President. Ellison & Gloer 2012 43

44. Scene 34 Ellison & Gloer 2012 44

45. The Witches The witches represent capitalists or bankers. The Wicked Witch of the East is killed by Dorothy’s house. The Wicked Witch of the West is melted. Glinda is the Good Witch of the North. Ellison & Gloer 2012 45

46. The Munchkins The Munchkins represent all the common people that must work for capitalists. They were “in bondage for many years” to the Wicked Witch of the East, until Dorothy kills her. Ellison & Gloer 2012 46

47. Scene 16 Ellison & Gloer 2012 47

48. The Slippers The slippers are actually silver in the book, representing the Free Silver movement of the Populism. They come off when Dorothy returns to Kansas to show that the Free Silver movement fails. They were only red in the movie for color reasons. Ellison & Gloer 2012 48

49. The Yellow Brick Road The Yellow Brick Road presents the Gold Standard that Populism was against. Oz is the abbreviation for ounce, the measurement for gold. Ellison & Gloer 2012 49

50. Scene 18 Ellison & Gloer 2012 50

51. The Flying Monkeys The Flying Monkeys represent Native Americans at that time. They were good, but forced to do bad by the Witches. Likewise, Native Americans felt trapped by wealthy capitalists who forced them into working for them. Ellison & Gloer 2012 51

52. Scenes 40 & 41 Ellison & Gloer 2012 52

53. Toto Just a dog. Could have represented laughter and fun. Dorothy needed Toto to keep from turning “dumb, “heartless” and “scared.” Ellison & Gloer 2012 53

54. Scene 49 & 50 Ellison & Gloer 2012 54