1. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Chapter 4 Tobacco

2. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri An Ounce of Prevention Addressing Health Issues of Adolescents and Young Adults

3. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Chapter 4 Tobacco No smoking allowed! Practical problem: What are the effects of tobacco use during pregnancy and while caring for an infant?

4. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Key concepts 1.Risks associated with smoking during pregnancy potential pregnancy complications impact on the fetus low birth weight infants 2.Associated risks of tobacco use breastfeeding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) adverse reproductive effects childhood health risks

5. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Objectives 1.Analyze physical effects of smoking during pregnancy, possible pregnancy complications and low birthweight infants. 2.Explore risks of tobacco use to breastfeeding, SIDS, childhood health risks and reproductive health.

6. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Rationale Smoking before, during and after pregnancy has an impact on reproduction, the developing fetus and the child. This chapter provides information on the effects of smoking on both women’s and men’s reproductive health and on pregnancy. In addition, the effects of secondhand smoke on infants and children are addressed.

7. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Smoking during pregnancy At least 15 percent of all women continue to smoke during their pregnancy. Females ages 15–19 and 20–24 have the highest percentage of smoking during pregnancy when compared to other age groups. MO DHSS. Missouri Information for Community Assessment (MICA)-Births http://www.dhss.mo.gov/mica/birth.php http://www.dhss.mo.gov/mica/birth.php

8. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri When Mom smokes Mother smokes: Nicotine and chemicals go into her blood. As the placenta transfers the mother’s blood to the baby, nicotine goes into the baby’s body. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, less blood flows through the smaller blood vessels, so less oxygen and nutrients get to the baby. Nicotine raises the baby’s blood pressure, slows the heartbeat, and can damage the blood vessels and heart. Baby excretes nicotine and carbon dioxide into amniotic fluid. These products replace oxygen as they attach to the blood cells.

9. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Effects of other chemicals Carbon monoxide pushes oxygen out of mother’s blood. Baby gets carbon monoxide instead of oxygen. Cynanide is a poison. The mother’s body uses up protein and vitamin B12 to get rid of the poison and can produce high blood pressure and blood vessel damage in the baby. Tars damage the baby’s lungs. Lead is a poison that can damage the baby’s brain.

10. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Effects of smoking in pregnancy Low birthweight Failure to thrive in infants

11. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri A dose-response relationship The more Mom smokes, the greater the reduction in birth weight. Smoking ceased before 16 weeks gives baby a greater chance of normal birth weight. Effects of smoking in pregnancy

12. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Smoking may increase the risk for an oral cleft. Effects of smoking in pregnancy

13. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Secondhand smoke May increase risk for miscarriage low birthweight When a partner smokes, the pregnant woman is more likely to smoke.

14. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Associated risks SIDS Risks increase threefold for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) when Mom smokes during and after pregnancy. Child health risks increase ear infections respiratory illness asthma colds learning disabilities behavioral problems

15. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri

16. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Adverse reproductive effects Men who smoke may have decreased sperm production altered sperm motility Smoking may affect sexual function in men and egg quality in women Women may have difficulty conceiving

17. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Summary A smoke-free pregnancy allows the baby to: receive more oxygen and nutrients develop lungs properly be at less risk for respiratory problems be at less risk for childhood illness

18. An Ounce of Prevention  2000, 2005, 2011 The Curators of the University of Missouri Key learning activities Bottles With Impact When Mom Smokes graphic organizer Oxygen reduction illustration Discussion questions and case studies Top 10 Reasons Not to Smoke E-learning activity: Big Board Game