1. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Clinical Internship

2. Governmental Agencies
OSHA
Protects Workers
CDC
Protects Patients &Workers

3. Defense Systems Internal External Immune System Skin Tears T Cells
WBC
Antibodies
External
Skin
Tears
Mucus

4. Immunity Active Made by person Exposure to pathogen Vaccination
Passive
Not made by person
From mother
From injection

5. Bacteria
Live outside cells
Complete cell
Produce spores
Respond to antibiotics
Virus
Live inside cells
DNA or RNA
Do not respond to antibiotics

6. AIDS/HIV Virus that infects T Cells Spread by blood & body fluids
6 month “Window of Infectability”
Begins with Flu-like symptoms
Can be HIV + for years before developing full-blown AIDS
15 –24 most rapidly growing group

7. Tuberculosis Bacteria that infects alveoli “Super Bug” mutation
Begins with LRI symptoms
Spread by air-borne droplets
BCG vaccine available
Most respond to antibiotics

8. Hepatitis B/C Virus infects liver cells Spread by blood & body fluids
Begins with Flu-like symptoms
Causes jaundice
Vaccine for Hepatitis B available
Hepatitis C increases risk of cancer

9. Meningitis Bacteria or Virus infects meninges
Spread by blood, body fluids & air-borne droplets
Begins with Flu-like symptoms & nuchal rigidity
“Super Bug” mutation
Bacterial treated with antibiotics

10. Herpes II Viral infection of skin & mucous membranes
Causes blister-like lesions
Spread by direct contact
Antivirals available
Herpetic Whitloe on fingers

11. Fomite – inanimate object that spread infection Vector – animal or insect that spreads infection

12. Vaccines
MMR
Hepatitis B
Flu
Tetanus
Chicken Pox
DPT

13. Needed for Infection Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible person
Sufficient number of pathogens

14. Symptoms of Infection Fever Malaise Inflammation Swelling Pain
Elevated WBC

15. Antibiotic Drug that kills microorganisms: pathogens & non-pathogens
Culture and Sensitivity
Topical, PO, IM, IV
Penicillin, Bactrin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Cipro

16. Portals of Entry/Exit
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Respiratory Tract
GI Tract

17. Components of Standard Precautions
Personal Hygiene
Protective Barriers
Environmental Controls
Cleaning and Disinfection

18. Personal Hygiene Daily Bathing Hand washing
Scrubbing removes pathogens

19. Protective Barriers Mask – respiratory tract & mucous membranes
Goggles – mucous membranes
Gown – skin
Gloves - skin

20. Environmental Controls
Equipment and supply placement
Red color

21. Cleaning and Disinfecting
Clean first
Disinfect second
Dispose of all materials

22. Cleaning removes dirt & debris – soap & water
Cleaning removes dirt & debris – soap & water. Disinfection slows reproduction & kills most pathogens – chemicals. Bleach 10% solution. Sterilization kills all microorganisms & spores – chemicals & autoclaving.

23. Asepsis Medical Clean technique Concurrent Terminal
Slows or kills most pathogens, but not spores
Surgical
Sterile technique
Prior
Concurrent
Kills all microorganisms and spores

24. Post-Exposure
Wash area STAT
Report incident
Write incident report

25. Exposure Control Plan Required by OSHA States hazards
Transmission methods
Protection methods
Employer/employee responsibilities
Post-exposure procedures

26. To Clean Up Spill Put on gloves Soak up fluid Clean area
Disinfect area
Place all debris in Red Biohazard bag
Wash hands

27. Biohazard
Red colored items
Biohazard symbol