1. FORCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

2. Forces of Social Change “ Everyone over the age of forty is an immigrant” - Margaret Mead Cultural anthropologist

3. What is Social Change? Changes in the way society is organized, and the beliefs and practices of the people who live in it All societies are involved in a process of social change; however this change may be so subtle and slow that society is hardly aware of it Local Example

4. What is Social Change? On a more personal level social change is like the change you make in the pattern of your life. Subtle – eating lunch earlier in the day Planned - getting a job Drastic - attending university

5. Aspects of Social Change The opposite of social change is social continuity Social continuity means that there are structures within society which are built to resist change Examples: the law and religion BUT... Social continuity is not the absence of change - change is always happening We can talk about these institutions in the context of “social continuity” because they are inherently resistant to change

6. Individual Social Continuity What are some ways in which you fit this model? What are some ways in which your elders fit this model?

7. Natural Forces of Social Change GEOGRAPHY The natural lay of the land has affected the way societies have developed Things like bodies of water, mountains, inlets, and flat lands all affect the way a society develops Geography can also prevent social change Natural disasters can also drastically change a society (floods, earthquakes, volcanoes)

8. External Events External events are events that have occurred on a large scale affecting an entire nation or several nations These events have a large and immediate impact on social change

9. Examples American Civil War – abolition of slavery WWII – women entered the workforce September 11/2001 – a change of thought regarding national threat and security

10. Technology Technology has strongly affected the way societies are designed and how they keep changing Examples: The Plough The Train The Wheel The Internet Computers

11. Alienation Durkheim coined the word `anomie` = to be without norms or laws Marx took this term and expanded it mean anyone who does not share the major values of society and feels like an outsider Examples: Columbine shootings Theodore Kaczynski (Unabomber) - American terrorist who attempted to fight against what he perceived as the evils of technological progress by sending mail bombs to various people

12. Conformity Conformity is the act of maintaining a certain degree of similarity (in clothing, manners, behaviours, etc.) to those in your general social circles, to those in authority, or to the general status quo. It usually implies the tendency to be influenced by the behaviour and beliefs of other people

13. Conformity Informational influence – the human desire to accept information, as valid, by someone we admire and trust Examples Normative influence – the pressure to conform to the expectations of others Examples

14. Affecting Social Change Alienation: Positive effects: It can create reformers or people who create innovative ideas Negative effects: Individuals who are angry about being outcasts and express their frustration through violence

15. Affecting Social Change Conformity: Conforming to others tends to stifle social change Pressure to conform can result in negative behaviours such as increased racism, bullying, and sexism