1. Research in Teaching and Teacher education Bergen June 13th 2012 Accountability under ambiguity Reforming school and teacher education in Norway Petter Aasen EARLI, Bergen June 13th 20121

2. POLICY A policy is typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s). Policy refers to the ´what` and the `why` generally adopted by governance bodies within public and private sector. A policy can be considered as a statement of intent or a commitment. 2EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

3. POLITICALPROFESSIONAL CENTRAL LOCAL Expert steering Professional steering National stakeholders Local stakeholders EARLI, Bergen June 13th 20123

4. POLITICS Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. Politics consists of social relations involving authority or power and refers to the regulation of affairs within a political unit, and to the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply policy. The concept of politics draws our attention to processes that define “who gets what, when and how”. 4EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

5. Tensions and contradictions 5EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

6. The Social dimension Education as a common good Equity as equality Patient approach to learning Education as an individual good Equity as equivalence Early interventions 6EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

7. Governance National steering Decentralization as delegation Local autonomy Decentralization as devolution 7EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

8. Systemic relation Central detailed regulations and control “Feeding the beast” State steering at a distance through empowering local authority Receiving support 8EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

9. Knowledge base Evidence-based practice Research-based solutions Efficient intervention What works Practice-based evidence Experience-based solutions Professional reflection When and whom it works for 9EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

10. Content Knowledge Competence Learning processes Competence Skills Documented learning outcome 10EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

11. Accountability The professional teacher/school leaders Trust Managerialism Technocracy 11EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

12. The political The political in education refers to the fact that education procedures and practice – the questions of the 'what', the 'how', the 'where', and the 'when' in education practice – constantly includes priorities and decisions that include answers to questions like who ultimately gains the most from the ways our schools, and the curriculum and practices within them, are organized and operated. 12EARLI, Bergen June 13th 2012

13. Thank you for your attention! 13 Queens college, City University of New York