1. AHSGE Review

2.  A word that replaces a noun  A pronoun should have one antecedent  An antecedent the noun that is replaced later in the sentence by the pronoun

3. 1. Ricardo and she are taking the advanced placement test. 2. The person at the door was he. 3. His playing is getting better. 4. That canoe is theirs. 5. The representatives, Sherlyn and he, attended the meeting. 6. She loves to eat cupcakes.

4.  Make sure that the antecedent is clear and that a pronoun cannot possibly refer to more than one antecedent.  Do not use pronouns this, that, which, or it without a clearly stated antecedent.

5.  At most zoos, they feed the animals tons of fresh vegetables.  At zoos, the zookeepers feed the animals tons of fresh vegetables.  Which sentence is clearer?

6.  The trash can was full, and we didn’t have anywhere to put it.  What is it – the trash or the trash can?  Instead: The trash can was full, and we didn’t have anywhere to put the trash.

7. After the planes unloaded the passengers, they left the terminal. (Workbook page 193)

8.  An antecedent is the word or group of words to which a pronoun refers or that a pronoun replaces.

9.  If a compound subject is joined by and, a plural pronoun is used.  Sarah and Beth will bring their books to class tomorrow.  If a subject is joined by or/nor, the pronoun should agree with the part of the subject closest to it.  Either Samantha or the boys will bring their materials.

10.  Gender - Male, female, or neuter  Person - 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd – Be Consistent When a person comes to class, you should have your homework ready. OR When a person comes to class, he or she should have his or her homework ready

11.  Pronouns must agree in  Number (Singular or Plural)  Use a singular personal pronoun for the following antecedents: anybody, anyone, each, either, everyone, everybody, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something  Use a plural personal pronoun for the following antecedents: several, both, few, many  Singular or plural depending on the sentence: all, any, enough, more, most, none, plenty, some

12.  An appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies or explains the noun or pronoun that it follows.  We teachers feel that an honor code is necessary.  The committee leaders, Debra and she, made the arrangements.

13.  A comparison can be made using than or as.  When words are omitted from the end of a clause, the clause is elliptical.  I like to read more than he.  I like to read more than he likes to read.

14.  Reflexive and Intensive pronouns end in –self or –selves.  I myself painted the landscape.  I saw myself in the reflection of the mirror.  (Workbook Page 187, 189, 191)

16.  Case is the form a pronoun takes depending on its function in the sentence.  There are three cases of pronouns:  Subjective: subject or subjective complement  Objective: direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition  Possessive: shows possession

17.  I  We  You  He  She  It  They  who

18.  Me  Us  You  Him  Her  It  Them  Whom

19.  My  Mine  Our  Ours  Your  Yours  Their  Theirs  whose

20.  When you must choose the correct pronoun case in a compound subject, first try each part of the compound subject alone in the sentence, and then choose the correct case for the sentence.  Alfredo and (I, me) drew a cartoon.  Me drew a cartoon.  I drew a cartoon. (correct)

21.  John sent flowers to his mother and I for our birthdays.  John sent flowers to I???  Instead: John sent flowers to his mother and me for our birthdays.

22.  Abby and I are the same height; although, I always thought I was much taller than her.  I always thought I was much taller than her is???  Instead: Abby and I are the same height; although, I always thought I was much taller than she.

23.  The hero in the movie is him.  Him is the hero in the movie???  Instead: The hero in the movie is he.  Shawn gave who flowers?  Instead: Shawn gave whom flowers?

24.  A nominative pronoun used as a predicate nominative is called a predicate pronoun. It immediately follows a linking verb and identifies the subject of the sentence.  It was he who became first Spaniard to travel the length of the Amazon River.

25.  Use the objective form of a personal pronoun when the pronoun functions as a direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition. Also use it when the pronoun is part of a compound subject.

26.  Direct Object  Orellana joined them east of Quito, Ecuador.  Indirect Object  Pizarro gave him specific instructions.  Object of the Preposition  Surviving the journey became difficult for them.  Part of compound subject  The river posed dangers for Orellana and them.

27.  The direct object is a word or group or words that names the receiver of the action or an action verb. It answers the question what or whom.  My dog has a short tail. (My dog has what?)

28.  An indirect object is a word or group of words that tells to what, to whom, or for whom and action is done. The indirect object almost always comes before the direct object in sentences that have both.  My dog brought me a stick. (To whom did the dog bring the stick?)

30.  The case of the pronoun who is determined by the pronoun’s function in a sentence.

31.  Nominative  Who, whoever  Objective ▪ Whom, Whomever  Possessive  Whose, whosever

32.  Who and Whom can be used to ask questions and to introduce subordinate clauses.  In a question, the nominative pronoun who is used as a subject or as a subjective complement  EX Who discovered plutonium?.(subject)  EX. The scientist was who? (subjective complement)

33.  In a question, the objective case pronoun whom is used as a direct object, an indirect object, or the object of a preposition.  EX. Whom did Marie Curie marry? (DI)  EX. With whom did she work? (OP)  EX. Samuel bought whom flowers? (IO)

34.  When deciding whether to use who or whom in a subordinate clause, consider only how the pronoun functions within the clause. Use who when the pronoun is the subject of the clause.  EX. He’s the climber who planted the flag. Subj. Subordinate clause

35.  Use whom when the pronoun is an object in the subordinate clause.  EX. The climber whom we all know planted the flag. DI subordinate clause