1. 123 Go To Section: The Electoral Process C H A P T E R 7 The Electoral Process SECTION 1 The Nominating Process SECTION 2 Elections SECTION 3 Money and Elections Chapter 7 2222 3333 1111

2. 123 Go To Section: Chapter 7, Section 1 The Nominating Process S E C T I O N 1 The Nominating Process Why is the nominating process a critical first step in the election process? What are self-announcement, the caucus, and the convention nominating methods? Why is the direct primary the principal nominating method used in the United States today? Why do some candidates use the petition as a nominating device? 2222 3333

3. 123 Go To Section: Nomination: A Critical First Step Chapter 7, Section 1 2222 3333 In the United States, the election process occurs in two steps: 1. Nomination, in which the field of candidates is narrowed 2. General election, the regularly scheduled election where voters make the final choice of officeholder... General Election Ballot

4. 123 Go To Section: Nominating and Electing a Candidate Chapter 7, Section 1 2222 3333

5. 123 Go To Section: Three Ways to Nominate Chapter 7, Section 1 2222 3333

6. 123 Go To Section: The CaucusThe Caucus Iowa Cuacus Explained Iowa Cuacus Explained The CaucusIowa Cuacus Explained

7. 123 Go To Section: A Fourth way to nominate? Primaries Close up on Primary Source p. 187. WWPS (Read Write Pair Share)

8. 123 Go To Section: Chapter 7, Section 1 2222 3333 The Direct Primary Nonpartisan Primary Candidates are not identified by party labels Runoff Primary If a required majority is not met, the two people with the most votes run again Closed Primary Only declared party members can vote. Types of Direct Primaries Open Primary Any qualified voter can take part. Blanket Primary Qualified voters can vote for any candidate, regardless of party

9. 123 Go To Section: Primaries Across the United States Chapter 7, Section 1 2222 3333

10. 123 Go To Section: Calendar and delegates Calendar and delegates

11. 123 Go To Section: Delegates?? Republicans Delegates to the convention: 2,470* Delegates needed to win the nomination (50%+1): 1,236* How many delegates does each state get? …It depends

12. 123 Go To Section: Delegates?? Republicans… The Four Early States: These are the four “carve out” states that the Republican National Committee has permitted to vote in February. Delegates will be split among the candidates. Iowa Caucuses (30 delegates): February 1, 2016 — Delegates awarded proportionally, rounded to the nearest whole number. New Hampshire Primary (23 delegates, 20 bound): February 9, 2016 — Delegates awarded proportionally statewide to candidates earning at least 10% of the vote. South Carolina Primary (50 delegates): February 20, 2016 — Delegates awarded as “winner take all” statewide and by congressional district. Nevada Caucuses (30 delegates): February 23, 2016 — Delegates awarded proportionally SuperDuper Tuesday: March 1, 2016 (Delegates/Bound delegates) 565 bound delegates

13. 123 Go To Section: Delegates?? Democrats… In 2016, the total number of democratic delegates is 4,764

14. 123 Go To Section: Question Why might political parties prefer using a caucus as a nominating device?

15. 123 Go To Section: And finally…The bane of minor parties…Petition Candidates must gather a required number of voters’ signatures to get on the ballot by means of petition. Minor party and independent candidates are usually required by State law to be nominated by petition. Petition is often used at the local level to nominate for school posts and municipal offices. Chapter 7, Section 1 2222 3333

16. 123 Go To Section: And finally…The bane of minor parties…Petition In Wisconsin, a special committee determines which candidates appear on the presidential preference primary ballot. A prospective candidate may also petition for placement on the primary ballot. An independent presidential candidate must petition to get on the general election ballot. Between 2,000 and 4,000 qualified voters must sign the petition. A write-in candidate must file a list of presidential electors and a declaration of candidacy in order to have his or her votes tallied. Chapter 7, Section 1 2222 3333

17. 123 Go To Section: Read Text pp. 177- 186 The Iowa Caucuses Explained http://www.vox.com/cards/iowa-caucus-2016-polls/what-are-the-iowa- caucuses What is the difference between a caucus and a primary? Which do you prefer and why?

18. 123 Go To Section: Iowa…Setting the Tone

19. 123 Go To Section: Chapter 7, Section 2 3333 1111 The Administration of Elections Congress: time, place, and manner of congressional and presidential elections. Congress has chosen the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of every even-numbered year for congressional elections, with the presidential election being held the same day every fourth year. States determine the details of the election of thousands of State and local officials. Most States provide for absentee voting, for voters who are unable to get to their regular polling places on election day. Some States allow early voting to increase voter participation. Elections are primarily regulated by State law, but there are some overreaching federal regulations.

20. 123 Go To Section: Precincts and Polling Places Precincts A precinct is a voting district. Precincts are the smallest geographic units used to carry out elections. A precinct election board supervises the voting process in each precinct. Chapter 7, Section 2 3333 1111 Polling Places A polling place is where the voters who live in a precinct go to vote. It is located in or near each precinct. Polling places are supposed to be located conveniently for voters.

21. 123 Go To Section: Office-Group and Party-Column Ballots Chapter 7, Section 2 3333 1111

22. 123 Go To Section: Campaign Spending Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111

23. 123 Go To Section: Campaign Spending Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111

24. 123 Go To Section: Campaign Spending Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111 How Much Will it Cost to Become President In 2016? Most estimates show that the election in 2016 will cost at least $3 billion; many believe it will cost $5 billion; and some even put the number as high as $10 billion.it will cost $5 billion Read more: How Much Will it Cost to Become President In 2016? | Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/111815/how-much-will-it-cost-become-president- 2016.asp#ixzz3yvKdJynq Follow us: Investopedia on FacebookHow Much Will it Cost to Become President In 2016? | Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/111815/how-much-will-it-cost-become-president- 2016.asp#ixzz3yvKdJynqInvestopedia on Facebook Elections

25. 123 Go To Section: Campaign Spending Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111

26. 123 Go To Section: Campaign Finance? What are the concerns surrounding campaign finance? Should there be restrictions on how candidates raise money for their campaigns? Should there be restrictions on who can contribute to campaigns and limits on how much they can contribute?

27. 123 Go To Section: Homework: Read 7.3 C-Span Deliberations Campaign Finance Definitions for Tuesday Money in Politics Activity completed by Thursday at the beginning of class

28. 123 Go To Section: Hughes w/Disc. Questions:

29. 123 Go To Section: Sources of Funding Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111 Small contributors Wealthy supporters Nonparty groups such as PACs Temporary fund-raising organizations Candidates Government subsidies Private and Public Sources of Campaign Money

30. 123 Go To Section: Regulating Campaign Financing Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111 Early campaign regulations were created in 1907, but feebly enforced. The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1971 was passed to replaced the former, ineffective legislation. The FECA Amendments of 1974 were passed in response to the Watergate scandal. Buckley v. Valeo invalidated some of the measures in the FECA Amendments of 1974. Most significantly, it also stipulated that several of the limits that the 1974 amendments placed on spending only apply to candidates who accept campaign money from the government, not those who raise money independently. The FECA Amendments of 1976 were passed in response to Buckley v. Valeo. McCain Feingold BCRA

31. 123 Go To Section: The Federal Election Commission The Federal Election Commission (FEC) enforces: the timely disclosure of campaign finance information limits on campaign contributions limits on campaign expenditures provisions for public funding of presidential campaigns Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111

32. 123 Go To Section: Loopholes in the Law “More loophole than law…” —Lyndon Johnson Soft money—money given to State and local party organizations for “party-building activities” that is filtered to presidential or congressional campaigns. $500 million was given to campaigns in this way in 2008. Independent campaign spending—a person unrelated and unconnected to a candidate or party can spend as much money as they want to benefit or work against candidates. Issue ads—take a stand on certain issues in order to criticize or support a certain candidate without actually mentioning that person’s name. PACS and Super PACS - Is wealth buying elections/and influence??? Chapter 7, Section 3 2222 1111

33. 123 Go To Section:

34. 123 After Citizens UnitedAfter Citizens United Hillary: The Movie Hillary: The Movie After Citizens UnitedHillary: The Movie PAC Summary

35. 123 Go To Section: 527 Ads

36. 123 Go To Section: “Americans” for Prosperity

37. 123 Go To Section:

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40. 123 Campaign Finance Time to hatch a plan Your group is responsible for writing new rules for campaign finance. You must address the following: 1.What restrictions, if any will be placed on how candidates raise funds for their campaigns? 2.What limits, if any will you place on the amount that individuals may donate to campaigns? 3.Will Soft money be limited? 4.Can corporations give to campaigns/PACS/etc? Provide your rationale for your responses