1. Kingdom Plantae

2. All are EUKARYOTIC
All are MULTICELLULAR
All are AUTOTROPHIC
(PHOTOSYNTHETIC)
All have a CELL WALL made of CELLULOSE

3. Roots
2 main
functions:
ABSORB WATER & MINERALS
ANCHOR PLANTS

4. Some roots also store FOOD

5. 2 common types: 1. FIBROUS roots Clump of SHORT threadlike roots
Grow in upper few INCHES of soil
Examples: grass, wheat

6. 2. TAPROOT SINGLE, LARGE central root Grow DEEP into the ground
Examples: dandelions, carrots

7. Think About It … What type of root system does a cactus have?
What do you know about the environment that cacti live in?
How often does it rain?
How much water is there?

8. Think About It …
BOTH
Extensive fibrous root system takes advantage of short periods of rain
Taproot anchors plants and accesses water supplies deep in the ground

9. Root hairs:
INCREASE the surface area of the root so that it can ABSORB MORE WATER

10. Stems 2 main functions: 1. SUPPORT LEAVES AND FLOWERS
2. TRANSPORT WATER AND NUTRIENTS

11. 2 types of vascular tissue:
XYLEM:
transports WATER and MINERALS
PHLOEM:
transports SUGAR (food)

12. Plant Growth APICAL meristem:
growing tissue at tips of ROOTS and STEMS
Increases HEIGHT
Called PRIMARY GROWTH

13. Plant Growth LATERAL meristem: Also called VASCULAR CAMBIUM
Found between XYLEM & PHLOEM
Increases WIDTH
Called SECONDARY GROWTH

15. Leaves
Where PHOTOSYNTHESIS takes place

16. Leaf Structure Petiole: stalk attaching the BLADE to the STEM Blade:
broad, FLAT portion of the leaf
where most PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS

17. Leaf Structure Vein: VASCULAR BUNDLE (xylem & phloem)
PARALLEL veins or BRANCHED veins

19. Cuticle: A WAXY LAYER THAT HELPS THE LEAF MAINTAIN WATER
Mesophyll: RICH IN CHLOROPLASTS; SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Stomata: TINY HOLES IN LEAVES THAT ALLOW GAS EXCHANGE
Guard cells: OPEN AND CLOSE THE STOMATA

21. Simple vs Compound Leaves
Simple Leaf:
ONE blade
Compound Leaf:
TWO or MORE blades, called LEAFLETS
Palmate
Pinnate

22. Reproductive Structures
SPORES:
asexual reproductive structures
Examples: MOSSES and FERNS

23. sexual reproductive structures that contain an EMBRYO and FOOD
SEEDS:
sexual reproductive structures that contain an EMBRYO and FOOD
Examples: GYMNOSPERMS and ANGIOSPERMS

24. CONE:
protective container for seeds of a gymnosperm

25. FLOWER:
reproductive organ for an angiosperm
“Angie
likes
flowers”

27. Sterile Parts:
Petal: ATTRACTS POLLINATORS
Sepal: PROTECTS FLOWER BUD

28. Male Parts (STAMEN)
Anther: PRODUCES POLLEN
Filament: SUPPORTS ANTHER

29. Female Parts (PISTIL or CARPEL)
Stigma: CATCHES POLLEN; OFTEN STICKY
Style: CONNECTS STIGMA TO OVARY
Ovary: CONTAINS THE EGGS (WHICH BECOME SEEDS)

30. Fruit
A ripened OVARY
HOUSE and PROTECT seeds
May help DISPERSE seeds

31. 2 major groups of plants 1. BRYOPHYTES: lack vascular tissue
Obtain water by OSMOSIS
Transport sugar by DIFFUSION
SMALL in size
Example: mosses

32. 2 major groups of plants
2. TRACHEOPHYTES: contain vascular tissue (XYLEM & PHLOEM)

33. Examples of Tracheophytes
Ferns

34. Examples of Tracheophytes
Gymnosperms (CONE-bearing plants)

35. Examples of Tracheophytes
Angiosperms (FLOWER-
bearing plants)

36. Types of Angiosperms Monocots PARALLEL LEAF VEINS FIBROUS ROOTS
FLOWER PARTS OCCUR IN MULTIPLES OF 3

37. Types of Angiosperms Dicots BRANCHED LEAF VEINS TAPROOTS
FLOWER PARTS OCCUR IN MULTIPLES OF 4 OR 5