1. 1) Name the planets in our solar system in order
Answer
Mercury,
Venus,
Earth,
Mars,
Jupiter,
Saturn,
Uranus,
Neptune

2. 2) Planets orbit;
Stars
Moons
Galaxies
Answer
a) Stars

3. 3) What is a Galaxy?
Answer
A Collection of stars

4. 4) What is the universe made up of?
Answer
Billions of galaxies

5. To look for extra-terrestrial life
5) What is the role of SETI?
Answer.
To look for extra-terrestrial life

6. 6) Explain how scientists are trying to find life on other planets?
Answer
Telescope, earth based collecting radio signals (which may have been sent by other intelligent life).
Space based telescopes; collect information in the in the EM range (Gamma and X-rays)
Space crafts carrying probes sent to investigate moons and planets.eg signs of Oxygen, water.
Robots (Mars Viking), take photos and collect rock and soil samples.

7. 7) Describe disadvantages of Earth based telescopes.
Answer.
Earths atmosphere gets in the way-absorbs light coming in.
Light pollution-(e.g street light) makes it difficult to pick out faint objects.
Air pollution (dust particles) reflect and absorb light.
Bonus: With this in mind where on Earth should they be positioned.
Answer: On top of mountains far away from cities.

8. 8) Why are EM telescope used?
Answer
a) To detect objects in space that are not detectable by visible telescopes( light)

9. Answer Radio telescope
9) What type of telescopes was responsible for the discovery CMB radiation?
Answer
Radio telescope

10. Answer. 10) How have computers helped space exploration?
b) They work alongside modern telescopes to collect huge amounts of data and process them.

11. 11) Why can you not place X-ray and Gamma-ray telescopes below the earths atmosphere?
Answer.
X-rays and gamma rays are high frequency high energy EM waves so will get absorbed by the atmosphere?

12. 12) How have modern telescope helped us learn more about the universe?
Answer.
modern telescopes
are more powerful/have
greater magnification or
positioned above Earth’s
atmosphere/ on top of
mountains (1).
• Different/more
wave(length)s/frequencies
(now) detected/collected (1)
• because telescopes
atmosphere or by radio
telescopes (1) OR
• weaker signal(s) (now)
detected/collected (1).

13. 13) What does a spectrometer do on a large telescope (3)?
Answer
Splits up visible light using a prism to produce a spectrum
The spectrum contain dark lines.
The lines are caused by certain wavelength of light being absorbed by the stars and galaxies.
Spectrum is used to work out what elements the star is made up of.

14. Answer a) More red 14) The spectra from distance galaxies appear;
More blue
Answer
a) More red

15. the life cycle of a medium sized star like our sun (3)
15) Give the stages of
the life cycle of a medium sized star like our sun (3)
Answer
Nebula,
(Protostar)
Main sequence star(stage of our sun)
Red giant
White dwarf

16. Neutron star or Black hole
16) Give the stages of the life cycle of stars bigger then our star (the sun).
Answer.
Nebula
Main sequence star
Super red giant
Super Nova
Neutron star or Black hole

17. The bigger the star the greater the gravitational pull,
17). What is the link between the size of a star and a) Gravitational pull b) life of the star
Answer
The bigger the star the greater the gravitational pull,
the more fiercely it burns hydrogen
and shorter its life.

18. 18) What is a nebula (3) Answer. The starting point of a star.
They begin by forming clouds of dust and gas,
which are pulled together by force of gravity.
Gravitational energy is converted into heat energy,
causing the temperature to rise

19. They are shifted towards the red-end of the spectrum.
19)What is red -shift?
Answer.
Change in the (observed) frequency or wavelength of light/radiation (received from a distant galaxy)
The wavelength of light from distance galaxies are longer then they should be.
They are shifted towards the red-end of the spectrum.

20. Whole universe is expanding
20) What are the explanations for the red shift (3)
Answer.
Whole universe is expanding
All Galaxies and stars are moving away from us very quickly.
Most distant galaxies have greater red shift then nearer ones
Most distance galaxies are moving away faster then nearer ones.

21. The universe has been expanding ever since.
21) What is the big bang theory?
Answer.
All matter and energy was compressed into a single space and then it exploded.
The universe has been expanding ever since.
Matter and energy have been moving away from that single point ever since.

22. Provides strong evidence for the big bang.
22) Describe CMB radiation
Answer.
Provides strong evidence for the big bang.
It was produced at the starting point of the universe.
As the universe expands and cools the frequency of that radiation decreases.

23. Red-shift-universe is expanding
23) What are the evidence for the big bang theory?
Answer
Red-shift-universe is expanding
CMB radiation –Predicted decrease of the frequency of the radiation.

24. The universe has always existed.
24) What is the steady state theory?
Answer
The universe has always existed.
Mater is being continuously being created.

25. Red-shift-Universe is expanding.
25) What is the evidence for steady state theory?
Answer
Red-shift-Universe is expanding.

26. It cannot explain the origin of the CMB radiation.
26) Why is the steady state theory not the accepted theory?
Answer
It cannot explain the origin of the CMB radiation.

27. 27) What are the key similarities and differences between the steady state and big bang theory?
Answer
Similarities.
The universe has been expanding ever since (red-shift)
Differences
Big bang: All matter and energy was compressed into a single space and then it exploded.(CMB).
Steady State: The universe has always existed.
Mater is being continuously being created.