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ATOMIC STRUCTURE Notes are for your personal use. Abbreviate as you see fit.
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Atomic Structure Atoms are the smallest WHOLE PIECE of matter, or building blocks to make all solids, liquids & gases Atoms can be broken down into 3 types of SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
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SUBATOMIC PARTICLES 1. PROTONS- positive electrical charge, found in the NUCLEUS, or center of an atom 2. NEUTRONS- neutral (no electrical charge), also found in the NUCLEUS
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SUBATOMIC PARTICLES 3. ELECTRONS- negative electrical charge, found moving around the nucleus in the ELECTRON CLOUD
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Atomic Structure NUCLEUS Electron cloud
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Atomic Structure Electrons like to travel in pairs, when they can find another electron to travel with. Different layers within the electron cloud are called ENERGY LEVELS or SHELLS
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Atomic Structure ENERGY LEVELS or SHELLS hold different amounts of electrons There are exceptions to the rule, but the basic idea is:
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Atomic Structure Level 1 holds 0 to 2 electrons Level 2 holds 0 to 8 electrons
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Atomic Structure Level 3 holds 0 to 8 electrons Level 4 holds 0 to 18 electrons
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How to find atomic structure Check the PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS Created by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 Page 134-135 in your text
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How to find atomic structure ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons in the nucleus Each different atomic number is a new ELEMENT, or pure substance that cannot be broken down
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How to find atomic structure ATOMIC MASS = # of protons PLUS neutrons in the nucleus Neutrons give mass to an atom, making some elements “heavy” or “light”
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How to find atomic structure Atomic Mass- Atomic Number = # of neutrons Neutrons usually increase as the atomic number increases. This means as atoms hold more protons, they usually hold more neutrons too!
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How to find atomic structure To find the number of electrons in an atom, check the atomic number. For every positive proton, an atom will have a negative electron
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The Search for STABILITY Overall neutral charge. PROTONS = ELECTRONS For every positive proton, an atom will have a negative electron
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The Search for STABILITY Electron Pairs: to be “happy” or for opposite spin pairs Full Energy Levels 2, 8, 18.... Bonding with other atoms to form MOLECULES
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THE END Stay tuned for other exciting presentations on Physical Science
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