1. Review of Foldable Notes
Minerals
Review of Foldable Notes

2. What is a Mineral? Formed by natural process.
Inorganic – are not made by a life process.
Has a chemical composition.
Crystalline solids – repeating pattern of atoms
~ 4,000 minerals on the Earth.

3. The Structure of Minerals
Crystal – is a solid.
In this solid form atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern.
6 Major crystal systems (Figure 3, p. 10)

4. 6 Crystal Systems 1. Cubic – ex: Fluorite. 2. Hexagonal – ex: Quartz.
3. Tetragonal – ex: Zircon.
4. Orthorhombic – ex: Barite.
5. Monoclinic – ex: Orthoclase.
6.Triclinic – ex: Rhodonite.

5. Crystal Formation Crystals form 2 natural processes: Magma
From Solution

6. Magma Crystals
Magma = melted rock. Cools when reaches Earth’s surface.
As magma cools – Atoms loose energy and its atoms move closer together.

7. Slow Cooling Magma – Large crystals
Fast Cooling Magma – Small Crystals

8. Crystals in Solution Water evaporates and leaves ions / minerals.
Occurs in a dry climate.
Ex: Salt water.

9. Crystal formation in solution can occur if too much of a substance is dissolved in water.
Will form crystals in the solution.
This is called precipitation.

10. Mineral Composition and Groups
98 % of Earth’s crust is composed of 90 naturally occurring elements.
8 Common minerals of Earth’s crust
Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, &Magnesium.

11. Silicates
Silicates – minerals that contain Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O), and usually 1 more element.
Silicon and Oxygen are the most abundant elements of the Earth’s crust.

12. Calcite